Why computer clocks hardly goes above ~5GHz?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the reasons why computer clock speeds have plateaued around 5GHz, exploring the physical, technical, and economic limitations that contribute to this phenomenon. Participants examine factors such as heat dissipation, transistor density, and the evolution of chip architecture, as well as the implications for future technology development.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that the primary limitation on clock speeds is related to heat dissipation, as increasing clock speeds leads to higher power densities that are difficult to manage thermally.
  • Others argue that while individual transistors can operate at much higher frequencies, the collective heat generated by billions of transistors at 5GHz creates significant thermal challenges.
  • A participant points out that the trend of increasing clock speeds halted around 2003, indicating a potential plateau that may require radical technological changes to overcome.
  • Some contributions highlight the economic considerations, noting that developing advanced cooling solutions for higher clock speeds may not be cost-effective compared to pursuing multicore architectures.
  • There are discussions about the physical limits of silicon technology, including issues related to capacitance, resistance, and the challenges of miniaturizing components further.
  • A participant requests calculations or empirical data to support claims about the 5GHz limit, emphasizing the need for quantitative analysis in the discussion.
  • Some participants mention alternative materials and architectures, such as GaAs, as potential avenues for future exploration beyond silicon limitations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that heat dissipation is a significant barrier to increasing clock speeds, but there is no consensus on whether the 5GHz limit is permanent or what specific calculations could definitively support this claim. Multiple competing views regarding the implications of these limitations and potential future directions remain present.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include unresolved mathematical steps related to power dissipation calculations and the dependence on specific definitions of performance metrics. The discussion does not resolve the complexities of transitioning to alternative materials or architectures.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying semiconductor physics, computer engineering, and thermal management in electronics, as well as professionals involved in CPU design and development.

  • #31
It means you can go 2.5 times the speed of light in a diamond.
This does happen - the blue glow from a reactor is due to particles traveling faster than light in water (n=1.33). The limit is only c=speed of light vacuum
 
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  • #32
Ah, ok. I only have a basic understanding of relativity from Grade 11 Physics. :/
 
  • #33
Lancelot59 said:
Ok besides a pencil, just a solid object. Does energy have to obey the light speed limit?

In any solid object, the "push" is a pressure wave, and propagates from one end to the other at the speed of sound for that object's material.
 
  • #34
That makes sense.
 

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