Why Do 2p and 2d Lines Appear in Electron Transition Events?

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    2d Electron Lines
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the appearance of 2p and 2d lines in electron transition events, particularly in the context of x-ray emission spectra following core electron ejection. Participants explore the underlying reasons for the specific energy levels represented in these transitions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why only 2p lines (instead of 3) and 2d lines (instead of 5) are observed in x-ray emission spectra following core electron transitions.
  • Another participant suggests that the question may require clarification through a figure of the emission spectrum to aid understanding.
  • A later reply discusses the allowed transitions for filling an empty 1s state, indicating that only δl = 1 transitions (from 2p, 3p, 4p, etc.) are relevant, with the 2p-1s transition being the most likely based on transition rates.
  • Further contributions explain that the degeneracy of 3p and 5d orbitals may lead to splitting into term components due to spin-orbit interaction, with specific terms for holes in the p and d subshells being highlighted.
  • One participant expresses gratitude for the clarification regarding the origins of these states from microstates, indicating a lack of understanding of the labeling convention used in energy diagrams.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding regarding the transition lines and their origins, with some clarifying points while others remain uncertain about the initial question. No consensus is reached on the specific reasons for the observed lines.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the energy levels and transitions involved, as well as the implications of spin-orbit interactions, which may not be fully resolved or universally accepted among participants.

mccoy1
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Hi guys, I don't know if this question has been asked before, but I searched the forum but didn't get answer to my question. I was looking at the transition when a core electron is knocked off by energy and that an upper level electron replaces it and x ray is released. Question, why are there 2p lines (instead of 3) and 2d lines (instead of 5 orbitals)?
I'd appreciate your input.
Thanks
 
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Maybe people are having a hard time understanding your question. Can you include a figure of the emission spectrum are rewrite your question in the context of the figure?
 
Gokul43201 said:
Maybe people are having a hard time understanding your question. Can you include a figure of the emission spectrum are rewrite your question in the context of the figure?

oh okay. First of all, thanks for the reply. I don't have a diagram here because I'm using a mobile phone. I was talking about x-rays energy diagram. Usually they have K, L, M etc shell. Take M shell for example. The lines shown are one 3s, two 3p, two 3d. So what i don't get is the fact that only 2 p-energy levels are drawn instead of 3(because p has 3 subshell, not two. Same for d, only 2 likes instead of 5. Thanks
 
This might help.
Suppose a core electron (in the 1s shell) is knocked out by deep core photoejection. The only allowed atomic electron transitions to fill the empty 1s state are δl = 1 transitions, i.e., from 2p, 3p, 4p, etc.

In looking at the transition rates (inverse lifetimes) for 2p-1s, 3p-1s, 4p-1s, etc. in the single-electron hydrogen atom, they are 6.25 x 108, 1.64 x 108, 0.68 x 108 sec-1 respectively, implying that the 2p-1s transition is the most likely.

Bob S
 
Keep also in mind that the 3 p orbitals or the 5 d orbitals are energetically degenerate in zeroth order. They may split into two groups (term components) due to spin-orbit interaction. There is only one term [tex]^3S_{1/2}[/tex] for the primary hole formed in the K shell. While for a hole in a p or d subshell there are two possibilities, [tex]^2P_{1/2}[/tex] and [tex]^2P_{3/2}[/tex] for a hole in the p-shell and [tex]^2D_{3/2}[/tex] and [tex]^2D_{5/2}[/tex] in the d-shell, respectively. This is due to the two possibilities to combine spin with the orbital angular momentum, i.e., J=L+S and J=L-S.
 
DrDu said:
Keep also in mind that the 3 p orbitals or the 5 d orbitals are energetically degenerate in zeroth order. They may split into two groups (term components) due to spin-orbit interaction. There is only one term [tex]^3S_{1/2}[/tex] for the primary hole formed in the K shell. While for a hole in a p or d subshell there are two possibilities, [tex]^2P_{1/2}[/tex] and [tex]^2P_{3/2}[/tex] for a hole in the p-shell and [tex]^2D_{3/2}[/tex] and [tex]^2D_{5/2}[/tex] in the d-shell, respectively. This is due to the two possibilities to combine spin with the orbital angular momentum, i.e., J=L+S and J=L-S.


Thank you very much DrDu..You hit the nail on the head. I didn't know that those states arise from the microstates because they just label them K, L, M, L which is not very informative.
Thank you too Bob S.
 

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