Why Do Periodical Cicadas Die Simultaneously After Emergence?

  • Thread starter Thread starter Vanadium 50
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Cycle Life
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the phenomenon of periodical cicadas dying simultaneously after their emergence, exploring the reasons behind their short lifespan post-emergence. Participants delve into various aspects of their life cycle, including emergence timing, lifespan, and potential factors influencing their mortality, with a focus on theoretical and observational insights.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that if cicadas emerged on the same night, their lifespans would be similar, leading to a synchronized death pattern, as they do not feed during their adult life.
  • Others propose that cicadas may have emerged over a few days, resulting in a peak population followed by a decline, influenced by varying survival times.
  • A participant raises a mathematical perspective, indicating that the variance in dying should correlate with the variance in emerging and adult lifetime, yet observes that the variance in dying appears smaller.
  • One participant humorously theorizes that cicadas may experience a form of "Broken Heart Syndrome," linking their simultaneous death to emotional factors.
  • Concerns are expressed about the reliability of observational data, with a participant criticizing the lack of rigorous statistical analysis in understanding cicada mortality.
  • Another participant notes the comparison to mayflies, which also have short lifespans, while highlighting the unique prime-numbered emergence cycles of cicadas.
  • A participant mentions the significant noise produced by cicadas, emphasizing the impact of their population density on sound levels, which remains unmeasured.
  • There is a discussion about the anticorrelation between the cicadas' lifespan and their emergence timing, with observations suggesting a faster decline in numbers post-emergence.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the reasons for the simultaneous death of cicadas, with multiple competing views and hypotheses presented throughout the discussion.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the lack of statistical data to support claims, potential biases in observational methods, and the need for clearer definitions regarding cicada life cycles and behaviors.

Vanadium 50
Staff Emeritus
Science Advisor
Education Advisor
Gold Member
Dearly Missed
Messages
35,005
Reaction score
21,707
Fermilab has been hit by the every-17-years plagues of periodical cicadas.

Two days ago, the noise was deafening. Yesterday it was quieter. Today you need to struggle to hear one or two. Dead ones litter the ground.

Why do they die at the same time? Emergence took 4 or 5 days. I would expect them to die on a somewhat longer timescale.
 
Biology news on Phys.org
If they all emerged on the same night, they should have similar lifespan aside from a few stragglers, as they don’t feed. The annual cicadas live much longer because they actually feed on trees and plants during their several weeks above ground. (And the occasional attempt to feed on humans who try to admire them in their hand. They realize pretty quickly that you’re not a tree and buzz off.)
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Klystron and BillTre
Is it possible they emerged over a day or so and lived a day or two? Particularly if the distribution of the survival times is skewed to the right (likely) there'd be a fairly sharp peak in population after a day or so when they're all hatched but haven't started to die yet, then a (comparatively) slower fall off until you've only got the longer-lived late-hatchers.

(Obligatory "git off o' my lawn" at the last stragglers.)
 
At the risk of getting all mathy, I'd expect the variance in dying to be equal to the variation in emerging plus the variance in adult lifetime (which might be zero).

But it seems that the variance in dying is smaller than the variance in emerging.
 
Well, it is true that like most 17 year olds, they have just one thing on their minds.
 
  • Haha
  • Like
  • Love
Likes   Reactions: sbrothy, Drakkith and berkeman
Vanadium 50 said:
At the risk of getting all mathy, I'd expect the variance in dying to be equal to the variation in emerging plus the variance in adult lifetime (which might be zero).

But it seems that the variance in dying is smaller than the variance in emerging.
Maybe they are easier to count when lying on the ground vs flying in the air or sitting in a tree?
 
I was just going to say. The experimental setup here is atrocious. The half-hearted attempt at statistical analysis is neither here nor there when you're going by ear and memory.
If only that Vanadium guy was here, he'd give you a stern and brusque, but ultimately educational, talking-to for trying to draw conclusions when you don't even know if you have any data.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: sbrothy, russ_watters and Borg
A mayfly lasts about a day too. Genetic programming. What I find more interesting is that their emergence are based on primes.
 
  • #10
It is true I have not done statistics. The effect on sound is real, if unmeasured. If you do not live in an area where these bugs live (hemiptera, so "bug" is appropriate) you have no idea how loud they can be.

It's also not a bug or two. It's a couple bugs per square meter. Maybe even one per square foot in places.

They are not mayflys. Their life cycle is (I am told) ~4 weeks as adults. My puzzlement is that the lifetime seems anticorrelated with emergence time - the ramp down is faster than the ramp up.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
4K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
5K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
10K
  • Sticky
  • · Replies 48 ·
2
Replies
48
Views
68K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K