Why does friction play the role of centripetal force?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the role of friction as the centripetal force for a car turning along a curve. Participants explore the mechanics of how friction operates in this context, addressing both theoretical and conceptual aspects of motion and forces involved in circular paths.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question how friction can act as a centripetal force, noting that it is typically an opposing force that acts anti-parallel to motion.
  • Others argue that static friction actually acts towards the center during a turn, opposing the outward slipping that would occur without it.
  • There are claims that in a straight path with constant speed, friction is zero, raising questions about its role in circular motion.
  • Participants discuss the necessity of a force to apply inward acceleration, with some asserting that friction is the only force capable of providing this.
  • Some contributions clarify that slipping occurs outward when the wheels are not aligned with the direction of motion, while friction acts inward to prevent this slipping.
  • There are differing interpretations of what constitutes slipping, with some participants feeling that slipping is inward due to the nature of circular motion.
  • One participant introduces the concept of ideal versus real tires, suggesting that real tires experience drag that affects their motion.
  • Another point raised involves Newton's third law, discussing the interaction between the tires and pavement in terms of centripetal force and reaction forces.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion contains multiple competing views regarding the nature of friction and its role as a centripetal force. Participants express differing understandings of slipping and the mechanics of turning, indicating that the topic remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express confusion over the definitions of slipping and friction's directionality, highlighting a lack of consensus on these fundamental concepts. Additionally, the discussion touches on idealized versus real-world conditions affecting tire performance.

navneet9431
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What makes frictional force the centripetal force of a car turning along a curve?
As friction is the opposing force and acts anti-parallel so there is no component of frictional force towards the center,right? Then how can frictional force be centripetal force?
 
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navneet9431 said:
As friction is the opposing force and acts anti-parallel so there is no component of frictional force towards the center,right?
No, it does act towards the center. Static friction opposes slipping. If you were to slip then you would slip outwards. Therefore the friction points inwards.
 
Please note that for a car moving straight and at constant speed, in a vacuum or arbitrarily slow (no wind resistance) the force of friction is zero.
 
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russ_watters said:
Please note that for a car moving straight and at constant speed, in a vacuum or arbitrarily slow (no wind resistance) the force of friction is zero.
Suppose I am moving in on straight path.To move on a circular path I need to turn my wheels.But how does Friction causes the motion inwards(I mean circular)?Please explain this!
 
navneet9431 said:
Suppose I am moving in on straight path.To move on a circular path I need to turn my wheels.But how does Friction causes the motion inwards(I mean circular)?Please explain this!
In order for the car to accelerate in a certain direction ("inwards"), *something* needs to apply a force to it.
 
Yes but how can that force be Friction.
How turning of the wheels generate friction , and that too inwards and not outwards?
russ_watters said:
In order for the car to accelerate in a certain direction ("inwards"), *something* needs to apply a force to it.
 
navneet9431 said:
Yes but how can that force be Friction.
I don't understand; how can it be anything else? Friction is the only force that can act on the car.
How turning of the wheels generate friction , and that too inwards and not outwards?
As @Dale said, if the wheels are not aligned with the direction of motion, they would have to slip in order for the car to keep going forward. They don't slip. Friction is the force that prevents the slipping.

Maybe this is your issue:
As friction is the opposing force and acts anti-parallel...
It isn't clear to me what you are saying, but it sort of seems like you think friction always acts in the opposite direction of motion. Why don't we try straight line motion to make it clear:
1. When the car is accelerating forwards, which direction does friction act on the car?
2. When the car is accelerating backwards (braking from forward motion), which direction does friction act on the car?
 
navneet9431 said:
But how does Friction causes the motion inwards(I mean circular)?Please explain this!
I did this in post 2. What did you not understand from that post?

Static friction acts in a direction to oppose slipping. During a turn slipping is outwards, so friction is inwards.
 
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I did not understand,how the slipping is outward?
I mean what is the reason that the car is slipping is outward?
I feel that the slipping is inward because the car seems to move on a circular track which continuously bends inward.
Dale said:
I did this in post 2. What did you not understand from that post?

Static friction acts in a direction to oppose slipping. During a turn slipping is outwards, so friction is inwards.
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  • #10
navneet9431 said:
I did not understand,how the slipping is outward?
I mean what is the reason that the car is slipping is outward?
I feel that the slipping is inward because the car seems to move on a circular track which continuously bends inward.View attachment 228686
That's turning, not slipping. Slipping is what the car does if the wheels don't have friction and the car doesn't turn. E.G., when you turn the wheels on ice and the car keeps going straight. If the car moves away from the direction it is supposed to be turning, that is "outward".
 
  • #11
navneet9431 said:
I did not understand,how the slipping is outward?
Imagine you are in a car and you are turning to the left, and suddenly you hit a patch of ice and lose control and start slipping. When it slips, does your car suddenly start turning inward even more sharply to the left or does the turn go to the right and become less sharp?

navneet9431 said:
I feel that the slipping is inward because the car seems to move on a circular track which continuously bends inward.
I get the impression that you don’t understand what slipping is. Slipping is what happens when friction is too low, like on icy or wet roads. Under those conditions the tire slides rather than rolls. Other terms are skidding, drifting, or peeling out.
 
  • #12
The case of an ideal tyre is just like ideal rails, with no slip or drag.
A real tyre has a friction / drag force that acts in a direction ‘behind’ the radius of the curve and that will cause slowing down, in addition to the curved path.
 
  • #13
Common forces only exist in Newton third law pairs. In the case of a turning car, the pavement exerts an inwards centripetal force onto the tires, coexistent with the tires exerting an outwards force onto the pavement (the outwards force is a reaction force related to centripetal acceleration). The car turns due to the centripetal force exerted by the pavement, and the Earth is affected by a very tiny amount due to the outwards force exerted by the tires.
 
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