Why doesn't a barometer with vacuum get crushed by the atmosphere?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mechanics of a mercury barometer and why it does not get crushed by atmospheric pressure, exploring concepts of pressure, material strength, and the behavior of vacuums. Participants engage in theoretical reasoning, technical explanations, and conceptual clarifications related to the topic.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that the vacuum inside a mercury barometer is countered by atmospheric pressure acting on the mercury, preventing collapse.
  • Others argue that the strength of the barometer's shell material, such as glass or metal, is sufficient to withstand atmospheric pressure, unlike weaker materials.
  • A participant questions whether the vacuum is under pressure from the mercury, suggesting that if it were, the mercury would fall completely out of the tube.
  • Some participants clarify that a vacuum cannot be under pressure and that atmospheric pressure holds the mercury column in place.
  • One participant references a historical experiment involving a metal sphere and horses, questioning the strength of glass compared to atmospheric pressure.
  • Several participants discuss the structural advantages of cylindrical shapes in resisting compressive loads compared to other shapes, such as square tubes.
  • There are mentions of how pressure is distributed differently when weight is applied uniformly versus in a concentrated manner, affecting the strength of materials.
  • Some participants express confusion about the mechanics of pressure and material strength, seeking further clarification on concepts like compression versus tension.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that the strength of the barometer's material plays a crucial role in its ability to withstand atmospheric pressure. However, there are competing views on the nature of pressure in a vacuum and the mechanics of how atmospheric pressure interacts with the mercury column, leaving some aspects of the discussion unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention various assumptions about material strength and the behavior of pressure in different contexts, but these assumptions are not universally accepted or clarified, leading to some uncertainty in the discussion.

  • #31
Atmospheric pressure exerts a 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level. Making 1 sq inch of glass withstand 14.7 pounds isn't very hard (Or 1/4 inch per side = less than 1 lb)

Say you have 2 shallow cylinders of 1 foot diameter = 113 square inches with a vacuum between them. That means it will take 113x14.7 = 1661 lbs to separate them.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: 1 person
Science news on Phys.org
  • #32
sophiecentaur said:
Yes. There are good mathematical models of materials and structures but, from what you say about your technical knowledge, you may find them hard to follow. Perhaps, if you googled terms like ' strength of a beam' you could see if you find the maths in that example accessible.
This is non-trivial stuff and needs to be approached from basic principles and not jumped into, half way through.

Thank you very much for your suggestions.
 
  • #33
meBigGuy said:
Atmospheric pressure exerts a 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level. Making 1 sq inch of glass withstand 14.7 pounds isn't very hard (Or 1/4 inch per side = less than 1 lb)

Say you have 2 shallow cylinders of 1 foot diameter = 113 square inches with a vacuum between them. That means it will take 113x14.7 = 1661 lbs to separate them.

Thank you very much. That was an excellent use of mathematics.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 27 ·
Replies
27
Views
5K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
1K
  • · Replies 26 ·
Replies
26
Views
3K
Replies
7
Views
8K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K