Why Doesn't a Satellite Rotate with Its Momentum Wheel?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mechanics of satellite rotation in relation to spinning momentum wheels. Participants explore the principles of angular momentum conservation and the effects of reaction wheels on satellite motion, addressing both theoretical and practical aspects of satellite dynamics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why a satellite does not rotate with its internal spinning momentum wheel.
  • Another participant suggests that if a reaction wheel is present, the satellite maintains its spin due to friction, implying that the relative spin between the wheel and satellite is constant.
  • A participant points out that a geostationary satellite has an angular velocity relative to Earth, questioning if this is provided by the wheel.
  • Some participants clarify that the angular velocity is observed from the Earth's frame, not the satellite's, and assert that satellites do not necessarily require momentum wheels.
  • One participant seeks to understand why a constant angular velocity of a spinning wheel does not induce rotation in the satellite, while changes in wheel speed do affect satellite rotation, asking for an explanation involving equations.
  • Another participant explains that conservation of angular momentum applies in the satellite's frame, noting that a frictionless wheel does not exert torque on the satellite, thus preventing it from spinning.
  • Further clarification is provided that while the initial spin of a momentum wheel induces opposite rotation in the spacecraft, external actuators like thrusters can also influence the spacecraft's spin rate.
  • Participants discuss the distinction between momentum wheels and reaction wheels, highlighting their operational differences despite potential physical similarities.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the role of momentum wheels and the conditions under which they affect satellite rotation. There is no consensus on the necessity of these wheels or the clarity of their effects, indicating ongoing debate and exploration of the topic.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions regarding the definitions of momentum and reaction wheels, as well as the conditions under which angular momentum conservation applies, remain unresolved. The discussion also reflects varying interpretations of satellite dynamics based on different frames of reference.

hamzaaaa
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Dears,

I would like to know a basic thing, why does the Satellite doesn't rotate with the spinning wheel momentum wheel inside it?
 
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Why should it? If there is a reaction wheel, the satellite has to maintain its spin, to account for friction. If the relative spin (wheel<->satellite) is constant, angular momentum conservation gives a constant angular velocity of the satellite (usually chosen to be 0).
 
But for a geo satellite it has an angular velocity equal to Earth's rotation,right?
So the angular velocity is not zero but constant.
This angular rotation is provided by the wheel?
 
That is an angular velocity as seen in the frame of earth, not for the satellite itself.
I don' think I understand what you really want to know.

Satellites do not need those wheels (but they can be useful).
 
That is an angular velocity as seen in the frame of earth, not for the satellite itself.
I don' think I understand what you really want to know.

Satellites do not need those wheels (but they can be useful).
 
What i want to know is that a satellite having a spinning momentum wheel on 1 axis with constant angular velocity doesn't cause rotation on the satellite itself? But if the wheel speed is increased or decreased it will cause satellite to rotate. Is it explainable with any equation?
 
This is just conservation of angular momentum (in the frame of the satellite). With a frictionless reaction wheel (or a real wheel where friction is countered by a motor), there is no torque on the satellite, so it does not begin to spin.
 
hamzaaaa said:
What i want to know is that a satellite having a spinning momentum wheel on 1 axis with constant angular velocity doesn't cause rotation on the satellite itself? But if the wheel speed is increased or decreased it will cause satellite to rotate. Is it explainable with any equation?

With conservation of momentum, you're right that the initial spin up of a momentum wheel will force the spacecraft body to rotate the opposite direction if that's all that happens. However, external actuators (such as thrusters) can also change the spacraft body's spin rate by changing the overall angular momentum of the spacecraft . You spin up the spacecraft body using thrusters, then spin up the momentum wheel to bring the spacecraft rotation back down to zero (although, in practice, the two actions will be virtually simultaneous).

So, in other words, it's not explainable by some equation, but by the physical actions taken to set up the initial conditions. There's no real difference between establishing the momentum wheel's spin and establishing the spin of a spin stablized satellite.

One additional note regarding the title/substance of the thread: There's a subtle difference between a momentum wheel and reaction wheel even if there's no physical difference between them. A momentum wheel has a bias spin that creates a large angular momentum vector. A reaction wheel works around a zero momentum and can spin either direction depending on the torques they're counteracting.
 
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