Why Don't Earth and the Moon Emit Gravity Waves Like Neutron Stars?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the emission of gravitational waves by celestial bodies, specifically comparing neutron stars to the Earth and the Moon. Participants explore the conditions under which gravitational waves are produced and the implications of these emissions for different astronomical systems.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question why neutron stars emit gravitational waves while other objects in orbit, like the Earth and Moon, do not seem to do so at a measurable rate.
  • One participant notes that according to General Relativity (GR), other objects do emit gravitational waves, but the energy loss is significantly smaller, making it difficult to measure.
  • Another participant claims that the Earth does emit gravitational waves, but the effects are too weak to be noticeable over long periods.
  • There is a discussion about the difference between gravitational wave emission and tidal interactions, with one participant clarifying that the Moon's movement away from the Earth is due to tidal forces, not gravitational wave emission.
  • Some participants suggest that while our bodies are theoretically experiencing gravitational waves from various sources, other larger forces would overshadow any potential contortion caused by these waves.
  • A later reply mentions that orbital decay due to gravitational wave emission has been observed in closely orbiting white dwarf binaries, providing an example of another system where gravitational waves are relevant.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a mix of agreement and uncertainty regarding the emission of gravitational waves by different celestial bodies. While some acknowledge that gravitational waves are emitted by various objects, the extent and detectability of these emissions remain contested.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in measuring gravitational wave emissions from less massive bodies like the Earth and Moon, as well as the dependence on specific conditions for the detection of these waves.

enceladus_
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If two spinning, neutron stars in a tight orbit lose energy by giving off gravity waves, why don't other objects in orbit do the same? I don't understand what makes the two neutron stars unique. Why wouldn't the moon and the Earth give off gravity waves as well? I also know that the moon is slowly moving away from us, so this is very confusing to me.
 
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enceladus_ said:
If two spinning, neutron stars in a tight orbit lose energy by giving off gravity waves, why don't other objects in orbit do the same?

According to GR, they do; but the rate of energy loss is a lot smaller so we can't directly measure it. The systems with two neutron stars are the only ones we know of that have a rate of energy loss due to gravitational waves that is within our capability to measure with our current technology.

enceladus_ said:
I also know that the moon is slowly moving away from us, so this is very confusing to me.

This is a different effect; it's due to the tidal interaction between the Earth and the Moon, and doesn't involve emission of gravitational waves.
 
enceladus_ said:
If two spinning, neutron stars in a tight orbit lose energy by giving off gravity waves, why don't other objects in orbit do the same? I don't understand what makes the two neutron stars unique. Why wouldn't the moon and the Earth give off gravity waves as well?

They Earth does give off gravity waves. They're just very weak, so weak they produce no noticeable effects even over millenia.

The Earth goes around the sun once a year, so only sends one crest-to-trough-to-crest wave in a year. The two orbiting neutron stars do an orbit in minutes and have maybe a million times the mass of the earth, so they're radiating away a million times as much energy in each pulse, and doing the pulses 100,000 times as quickly.
 
Ahh, I see. That makes a lot of sense. Can I also conclude that out bodies are experiencing gravitational waves from a wide variety of sources, and thus have our shape contorted on an unimaginably small scale?

Thank you both very much :smile:
 
enceladus_ said:
Can I also conclude that out bodies are experiencing gravitational waves from a wide variety of sources

Yes.

enceladus_ said:
and thus have our shape contorted on an unimaginably small scale?

In principle, yes; but there are so many other things contorting our bodies on much larger scales that the gravitational waves would not have a chance to contort anything.
 
Thanks again! :smile:
 
PeterDonis said:
According to GR, they do; but the rate of energy loss is a lot smaller so we can't directly measure it. The systems with two neutron stars are the only ones we know of that have a rate of energy loss due to gravitational waves that is within our capability to measure with our current technology.

Orbital decay due to gravitational wave emission has also been detected in some closely orbiting white dwarf binaries. See this paper for example. Imagine two white dwarfs orbiting with a 12 minute period!
 
Last edited:
Thanks for that, very interesting.
 

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