Why Don't Electrons Replace Protons in MRI Imaging?

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SUMMARY

MRI imaging predominantly utilizes the magnetic fields generated by spinning hydrogen protons due to their optimal resonance frequencies, which are around 40MHz in a 1 Tesla field. In contrast, electrons exhibit resonance frequencies around 28GHz, making them less practical for MRI applications. The complexity of generating and processing RF pulses at these higher frequencies, combined with the challenges posed by tissue conductivity, limits the feasibility of using electrons in MRI. Additionally, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon provides richer data compared to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), which is less versatile in clinical settings.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) principles
  • Knowledge of resonance frequencies and their calculations
  • Familiarity with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) concepts
  • Basic grasp of radio frequency (RF) pulse generation and signal processing
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the differences between NMR and EPR techniques
  • Explore the principles of RF pulse generation at high frequencies
  • Investigate the impact of magnetic moments on imaging quality in MRI
  • Learn about the applications of EPR in biological systems and materials science
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, medical imaging professionals, and researchers interested in MRI technology and its underlying principles will benefit from this discussion.

  • #31
I think his confusion stems from the fact that precession direction doesn't change, unlike in the car analogy. But the thing is, if you flip the track, along with the cars, and have cars keep driving in the same direction, it's the same thing as if the cars turned around. That's a bit closer to what the 180° pulse does.
 
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  • #32
Hmm, even that's not quite the best picture. Remember that the slowest car (spin) must end up closest to the finish line after the flip...
I think the wiki cartoon shows it clearly.
 
  • #33
K^2 said:
I think his confusion stems from the fact that precession direction doesn't change, unlike in the car analogy. But the thing is, if you flip the track, along with the cars, and have cars keep driving in the same direction, it's the same thing as if the cars turned around. That's a bit closer to what the 180° pulse does.

Correct. That was my confusion. After drawing some pictures and staring at it for a bit I see it now. The analogy of flipping the track around was actually quite helpful.

Thank you
 
  • #34
I talked to an actual NMR theorist about all this. He set me straight on some off the issues. While my understanding of T2 contrast wasn't far off, the thing I overlooked with EPR is the frequencies. Basically, molecular movement that's relevant to T2 in NMR is irrelevant in EPR. So EPR T2 contrast is going to be effectively useless.

T1 contrast in EPR will give you some information about the tissues, and it might or might not be useful, but it would be different from information you'd get from T1 using NMR. Again, different frequencies mean that lattice relaxation happens due to completely different vibrational modes.

So marcusl was absolutely correct. As far as medical imaging goes, EPR wouldn't be able to replace NMR.
 
  • #35
Thanks for the new information, K^2. It's nice to know the reasons behind the differences.
 

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