Why is \frac{dN_i}{N}\neq dX_i when using the mole fraction concept?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the relationship between changes in the number of particles of a component in a mixture and the mole fraction. Participants explore why the differential change in the number of particles, represented as \(\frac{dN_i}{N}\), does not equal the differential change in mole fraction, \(dX_i\), despite the relationship \(X_i = \frac{N_i}{N}\). The scope includes conceptual reasoning and mathematical formulation related to mole fractions in mixtures.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that while \(X_i = \frac{N_i}{N}\), the expression \(\frac{dN_i}{N}\) does not equal \(dX_i\), prompting the inquiry.
  • Another participant suggests that since \(N\) is the sum of all \(N_k\), a change in \(N_i\) affects the denominator \(N\) as well.
  • A later reply agrees with this reasoning, indicating that the change in \(N\) must be considered when evaluating the change in mole fraction.
  • Mathematical expressions are provided, showing that \(dx_i\) can be derived from the changes in \(N\) and \(N_i\), leading to a more complex relationship than initially assumed.
  • It is mentioned that for small values of \(x_i\), the approximation \(dx_i = \frac{dN_i}{N}\) holds, suggesting a simplification under certain conditions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the reasoning that changes in \(N\) affect the mole fraction, but the discussion contains multiple perspectives on the implications of this relationship. The exact nature of the relationship remains nuanced and not fully resolved.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the dependence on the definitions of mole fraction and the assumptions regarding the size of changes in \(N_i\) and \(N\). The mathematical steps involved in deriving the relationships are not fully resolved, leaving some ambiguity in the conclusions drawn.

roldy
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It looks like my first post on this did not make it on this forum some how.

I came across this statement.
Even though [tex]\frac{N_i}{N}=X_i[/tex], [tex]\frac{dN_i}{N}\neq dX_i[/tex]

How does this work? The book offered no help as well as searches on the internet.
 
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My guess is that as N is sum of all Nk, if Ni changes, denominator changes as well.
 
I guess that makes sense. Seems logical to me.
 
Borek said:
My guess is that as N is sum of all Nk, if Ni changes, denominator changes as well.

Yep, that's it.

[itex]dx_i = \frac{{N \cdot dN_i - N_i \cdot dN}}{{N^2 }}[/itex]

and

[itex]dN = dN_i[/itex]

gives

[itex]dx_i = \frac{{N - N_i }}{{N^2 }} \cdot dN_i[/itex]

But for small [itex]x_i[/itex]

[itex]dx_i = \frac{{dN_i }}{N}[/itex]

is a good approximation.
 

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