Why is the cube of a unitary operator = identity matrix?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the properties of unitary operators, specifically examining the claim that the cube of a unitary operator equals the identity matrix. Participants explore the implications of this property and seek clarification on the reasoning behind it, particularly in relation to the behavior of eigenvalues and the permutation of basis vectors.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that if A is a unitary operator, it satisfies the condition AA+ = I, where A+ is the adjoint of A.
  • Another participant questions whether the statement A³ = I holds for all unitary operators, suggesting that it may not be universally applicable.
  • A further contribution explains that A³ = I can be understood in the context of A permuting three basis vectors, indicating that applying A three times returns the system to its original state.
  • There is a mention of eigenvalues associated with A, specifically that if A³ = I, then the eigenvalues must also satisfy a³ = 1, leading to the eigenvalues being 1, ei.2π/3, and ei.4π/3.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the generality of the statement A³ = I, with some suggesting it may not apply to all unitary operators. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the conditions under which A³ equals the identity matrix.

Contextual Notes

There is a lack of clarity regarding the specific type of unitary operator being discussed, which may affect the validity of the claims made. Additionally, the assumptions underlying the permutation of basis vectors and the implications for eigenvalues are not fully explored.

km707
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Hi there,
If A is unitary I understand that it obeys AA+=1 because A-1=A+.

Why does A3=1?
The explanation simply says that "A just permutes the basis vectors"..

It then goes on to say that since A3=1, then eigenvalue a3=1 also, which are 1, ei.2pi.theta/3, and ei.4pi.theta/3. This would make sense to me if I knew why A3=1..

Many thanks in advance!
 
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What is this operator A we are talking about? Just any random Unitary operator? It doesn't seem to be true for any unitary operator...
 
You must have a specific operator in mind because that's not true in general.
 
Why does A3=1? The explanation simply says that "A just permutes the basis vectors"..
Because A takes each of three basis vectors into the next one, so if you apply A three times you'll get back to the original situation. For example, A3 maps ijki.
 

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