Calculating Period and Speed of Atomic Vibrations | Atom Motion in Solids

In summary, Atoms in a solid at room temperature have continuous vibrational motion due to thermal energy, with an amplitude of 10^-9 cm and a frequency of 10^12 Hz. The approximate period of oscillation for a typical atom is 10^-12 seconds. To find the maximum speed of the atom, the formula mv^2/2 or kA^2/2 can be used, where v is the maximum speed and A is the amplitude. The formula for angular frequency, omega, is sqrt(k/m), and by multiplying omega by A, the maximum speed of the atom can be calculated.
  • #1
Sucks@Physics
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Homework Statement


Atoms in a solid are in continuous vibrational motion due to thermal energy. At room temperature, the amplitude of these atomic bibrations is typically about 10^-9 cm, and their frequency is on the order of 10^12 Hz. What is the approximate period of oscillation of a typical atom? What is the mazimum speed of such an atom?


Homework Equations


(1/f)=T


The Attempt at a Solution


For period of oscillation i know the answer is 10^-12, but I do not know the formula for finding the speed of the atom. I used C=(lambda/f) but this didn't work. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks
 
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  • #2
The energy of a particle in SHM is mv^2/2, where v is max speed and also kA^2/2, where A is amplitude. Do you know omega in terms of k and m? Then you can figure it out.
 
  • #3
ok so omega = sqrt*k/m then multiply omega x A to get max speed? But i get a very small number and I know it's not correct, what am I doing wrong?
 
Last edited:
  • #4
(omega = 2*pi*f = 2*pi/T.)

Probably doing some arithmetical errors. Show your calculations.
 
  • #5
oh sweet, i got it thanks!
 

What is the velocity of an atom?

The velocity of an atom refers to its speed and direction of movement. It can be described using units of distance over time, such as meters per second or kilometers per hour.

How is the velocity of an atom measured?

The velocity of an atom can be measured using various techniques, such as spectroscopy or particle accelerators. These methods involve analyzing the energy levels and movements of atoms to determine their velocity.

Does the velocity of an atom change?

Yes, the velocity of an atom can change due to various factors such as temperature, pressure, and collisions with other atoms. This change in velocity can also affect the behavior and properties of the atom.

What is the relationship between velocity and temperature of an atom?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms in a substance. As the temperature increases, the average velocity of the atoms also increases. This is because higher temperatures provide atoms with more energy to move faster.

Why is the velocity of an atom important in understanding matter?

The velocity of an atom is important in understanding the behavior and properties of matter because it affects how atoms interact with each other and their environment. It also plays a crucial role in processes such as chemical reactions and phase changes.

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