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I found some interesting stuff while doing some research and thought it might be useful.
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/toc.shtm
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/1_at_fuel_intro.shtm
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/4_at_fuel_comp.shtm
Naphthalene (Aromatic) C10H8
n-Dodecane (n-Paraffin) C12H26
Hydrocarbon Missile Fuels
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Sinclair Oil Co. MSDS-
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (g/ml): 0.77-0.84
VAPOR DENSITY (air=1): 4.5
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Military Fuels - National Academies Press
Toxicokinetics of Military Fuels
It is not possible to fully describe the toxicokinetics of the individual volatile hydrocarbons that are present in JP-5, JP-8, and diesel fuel marine (DFM). However, toxicoldnetic data are available for the most toxic chemicals in each of the major classes of these fuels. For example, the n-paraffin group includes n-hexane, a human neurotoxicant. In the branched paraffin group, the chemical 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is thought to be responsible for the development of kidney-specific nephropathy and carcinogenicity in gasoline-exposed male rats. The aromatic group contains benzene (a human hematotoxicant and leukemogen) as well as toluene and the o-, m-, and p-xylenes. Finally, methoxyethanol, an important deicing additive in fuels, is a known developmental and reproductive toxicant. Thus, one of the major challenges in describing the behavior of the various hydrocarbons in these fuels is predicting the effect of other present hydrocarbons on the toxicokinetics of each highly toxic chemical.
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/toc.shtm
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/1_at_fuel_intro.shtm
http://www.chevron.com/products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/aviationfuel/4_at_fuel_comp.shtm
Naphthalene (Aromatic) C10H8
n-Dodecane (n-Paraffin) C12H26
Hydrocarbon Missile Fuels
JP-9 and JP-10 are specialty fuels that have been developed for demanding applications, such as aircraft-launched missiles. The required properties are: maximum volumetric energy content, clean burning, and good low-temperature performance. To achieve these properties, the fuels are formulated with high-density naphthenes in nearly pure form. These fuels only are used in limited volumes and in situations where price is a minor consideration.
JP-10 is essentially a single hydrocarbon exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene. It has a minimum volumetric heat content of 39,434 MJ/m3 (141,500 Btu/gal). For comparison, Jet A or JP-8 has a volumetric energy content of about 35,000 MJ/m3 (125,800 Btu/gal), about 11 percent lower. JP-9 is a blend of three hydrocarbons: methylcyclohexane, perhydronorbornadiene dimer, and exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10). JP-9 has a minimum volumetric heat content of 39,573 MJ/m3 (142,000 Btu/gal).
-------------------
Sinclair Oil Co. MSDS-
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (g/ml): 0.77-0.84
VAPOR DENSITY (air=1): 4.5
-------------------
Physical and Chemical Properties of Military Fuels - National Academies Press
===================================Jet fuels and diesel fuel marine (DFM) are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons produced by distillation of crude oil. They contain hundreds of hydrocarbons as well as many additives. The actual composition of any given fuel varies depending upon source of the crude oil, refinery processes, and product specifications. The hydrocarbons in jet and diesel fuels are less volatile than those in gasoline. JP-5 is a high-flash-point jet fuel developed by the Navy. JP-5 is a specifically refined type of kerosene consisting of C9-C16 paraffins (53%), cycloparaffins (31%), aromatics (16%), and olefins (0.5%). The aromatic content of JP-5 might vary from less than 2.5% to greater than 22% by volume. The benzene content of JP-5 is typically less than 0.02% (Dollarhide, 1992), and a small amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons might be present in JP-5. Because water contamination in aviation fuels is a serious problem, a fuel-system icing inhibitor is added to the fuel to eliminate the formation of ice in aircraft systems. JP-8 is similar to commercial jet A-1 fuel. JP-8 was developed for the Air Force to provide a safe kerosene-based jet fuel that would still have adequate reliability and an acceptable freezing point. DFM is a blend of diesel fuel that is basically the same as kerosene to which high-boiling-point fractions and high-boiling-point residual oils have been added. Diesel fuels consist primarily of C9-C20 hydrocarbons. For DFM, these are roughly 13% paraffins, 44% aromatics, and 44% naphthalenes. DFM might also contain less than 10% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
In considering the potential toxicity of the fuel vapors, it is important to note that many compounds in the fuel do not exist in the vapors (Bishop, 1982). The toxicity of the more-volatile fractions of the fuel is considered in this report and not the toxicity of the total fuel. The composition of the vapors from the three fuels under consideration are expected to be similar since the fuels are made by mixing kerosene with different amounts of low-boiling-point distillates.
The physical and chemical properties of military fuels JP-5, JP-8, and DFM are described below.
Molecular weight: ˜185
Synonyms: Jet fuel JP-5, MIL-T-5624M, AVCAT
Freezing point, maximum: -46°C
Boiling point: 156-293°C
Initial point: 182°C (156-191°C)
10% evaporated: 199°C ( 180-211°C)
20% evaporated: 207°C (199-213°C)
50% evaporated: 220°C (212-229°C)
90% evaporated: 246°C (236-275°C)
End point: 166°C (248-293°C)
Flash point, minimum: 60°C
Vapor pressure:
0.52 mm Hg (10°C) 1.8 mm Hg (28°C)
Specific gravity, kg/L, 15°C,
Minimum: 0.788
Maximum: 0.834
Heating value, Btu/lb, minimum: 18,300
Autoignition temperature: 246°C
Viscosity, maximum at -20°C: 8.5
Composition:
C9–C16 paraffins, vol % ˜ 53%;
cycloparaffins, vol % ˜ 31%;
aromatics, vol % ˜ 16%;
olefins, vol % ˜ 0.5%.
Aromatics typical of cracked gasoline and kerosene include benzene, alkyl benzenes, toluene, xylene, indenes, naphthalenes. Benzene content = 0.02%.
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JET-PROPULSION FUEL 8
Molecular weight: ˜180
Synonyms: Jet fuel JP-8, MIL-T-83133B, AVTUR
Freezing point, maximum: -47°C
Boiling point: 175-300°C
10% recovered, maximum: 205°C
End point, maximum: 300°C
Flash point, minimum: 38°C
Vapor pressure: 0.52 mm Hg (10°C) 1.8 mm Hg (28°C)
Specific gravity, kg/L, 15°C,
Minimum: 0.775
Maximum: 0.840
Heating value, Btu/lb, minimum: 18,400
Viscosity, maximum at -20°C: 8
Composition:
C8– C9 aliphatic hydrocarbons, vol % ˜ 9%
C10–C14 aliphatic hydrocarbons, vol % ˜ 65%;
C15–C17 aliphatic hydrocarbons, vol % ˜ 7%;
aromatics, vol % ˜ 18%. Aromatics typical of cracked gasoline and kerosene include benzene, alkyl benzenes, toluene, xylene, indenes, naphthalenes.
Conversion factors at standard temperature and pressure:
1 ppm = 8.0 mg/m3, 1 mg/m3 = 0.12 ppm
Toxicokinetics of Military Fuels
It is not possible to fully describe the toxicokinetics of the individual volatile hydrocarbons that are present in JP-5, JP-8, and diesel fuel marine (DFM). However, toxicoldnetic data are available for the most toxic chemicals in each of the major classes of these fuels. For example, the n-paraffin group includes n-hexane, a human neurotoxicant. In the branched paraffin group, the chemical 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is thought to be responsible for the development of kidney-specific nephropathy and carcinogenicity in gasoline-exposed male rats. The aromatic group contains benzene (a human hematotoxicant and leukemogen) as well as toluene and the o-, m-, and p-xylenes. Finally, methoxyethanol, an important deicing additive in fuels, is a known developmental and reproductive toxicant. Thus, one of the major challenges in describing the behavior of the various hydrocarbons in these fuels is predicting the effect of other present hydrocarbons on the toxicokinetics of each highly toxic chemical.
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