- #1
andrew1982
- 8
- 0
Homework Statement
9.8a) Show that a classical oscillating eletric dipole p with fields given by (9.18) radiates electromagnetic angular momentum to infinity at the rate
[tex]
\frac{d\mathbf{L}}{dt}=\frac{k^3}{12\pi\epsilon_0}\textrm{Im}[\mathbf{p^*\times p}]
[/tex]
Hint: The electromagnetic angular momentum density comes from more than the transverse (radiation zone) components of the field.
Homework Equations
Dipole fields (9.18):
[tex]
\mathbf{H}=\frac{ck^2}{4\pi}(\mathbf{n\times p}) \frac{e^{ikr}}{r}(1-\frac{1}{ikr})
[/tex]
[tex]
\mathbf{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0}(k^2\mathbf{(n\times p)\times n} \frac{e^{ikr}}{r}+(3\mathbf{n(n\cdot p)-p})(\frac{1}{r^3}-\frac{ik}{r^2})e^{ikr})
[/tex]
(n is the unit vector in direction x)
Electromagnetic momentum density (6.118)
[tex]
\mathbf{g}=\frac{1}{c^2}(\mathbf{E\times H})
[/tex]
The Attempt at a Solution
So I guess the angular momentum density is
[tex]
\mathbf{x\times g}
[/tex]
which with the fields in (9.18) simplifies to
[tex]
\frac{ik^2}{8\pi^2 \epsilon_0}\mathbf{(n\cdot p)(n \times p^*)}(\frac{k}{r^2}+\frac{1}{ikr^4})
[/tex]
if I use the complex Poynting vector
[tex]
\mathbf{E\times H^*}.
[/tex]
From here I'm not sure how to continue. This is the angular momentum density (per volume). If I integrate it over the whole space I get the total angular momentum, not only the part radiated to infinity. Since it is per volume I will not get the right dimension if I do as for the power radiated to infinity (integrate the Poynting vector over a spherical surface, radius R, and let R->infinity). What integration should I do?
I tried to integrate only the part prop. 1/r^2 (since I guess the other part will not "reach infinity") over a sphere with radius R and got
[tex]
\mathbf{L}=\frac{ik^3}{6 c \pi \epsilon_0}(\mathbf{p^*\times p})R
[/tex]
This looks similar to the answer, but will diverge in the limit R->inf. I also don't see how to take the time derivative of this. If I use the complex Poynting vector (which I guess I should?) the complex exponentials containing the (harmonic) time dependence will cancel.
Any hint would be appreciated!