Potential energy and energy conservation question

In summary: However, if you measure it from the point where the spring is attached to the block, then U2g would be nonzero. So, in this particular case, you would need to cancel out U2g in order to solve for the distances.
  • #1
Tastosis
32
0

Homework Statement


My teacher told me that this will be the general equation that we will be using. My question is how do I know what to cancel out given a problem? I don't even know what these variables mean.

I was absent during the intro of this lesson and I need a quick answer. Thanks!


Homework Equations


K1 + Uel1 + Ugrav1 + Wothers = K2 + Uel2 + Ugrav2
½MV1^2 + ½KX^2 + mgy1 + Wothers = ½MV2^2 + ½KX2^2 + mgy2
 
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  • #2
Tastosis said:
K1 + Uel1 + Ugrav1 + Wothers = K2 + Uel2 + Ugrav2
½MV1^2 + ½KX^2 + mgy1 + Wothers = ½MV2^2 + ½KX2^2 + mgy2
This is a general equation that applies when you have kinetic energy, gravitational PE, elastic PE, and external work. Depending on the particular problem, one or more terms may be zero.

If you pose a specific problem perhaps we can be more helpful.
 
  • #3
This is the general conservation of total energy equation that states that the initial energy of a system plus the work done on it by forces other than gravity and springs is equal to the final energy of the system, where K is kinetic energy, Uel is elastic spring potential energy, Ugrav is gravitational potential energy, Wothers is work done by non conservative forces (forces that are not gravitataional or spring forces), M is mass, V is speed, K is the spring constant, x is the spring displacement, g is the acceleration of gravity, y is the vertical position of the gravity (weight) force with respect to a reference elevation, and the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final, respectively. It is an extremely important and useful equation, and I suspect you will learn more about each of these terms and the application of such, as your course of study unfolds. Basically it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed ...just transformed into different forms of energy.

Edit: Doc Al is quick!
 
Last edited:
  • #4
nice. Thanks guys!

Here's a sample problem. A 2kg block is dropped from a height of 0.4m onto a spring whose force constant is 1960N/m. Find the maximum distance the spring will be compressed.

Based on the equation, what should and shouldn't be cancelled? And why??
 
  • #5
Well, now you are getting specific, and you must show an attempt at a solution, per forum rules.
 
  • #6
Tastosis said:
Based on the equation, what should and shouldn't be cancelled? And why??
Rather than think in terms of things 'cancelling', compare the initial and final positions and their associated energy terms.
 
  • #7
Sorry it took me long to get back to you guys...

[PLAIN]http://img407.imageshack.us/img407/6095/73837542.jpg

Do I cancel U2g? =3
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #8
Tastosis said:
Sorry it took me long to get back to you guys...

[PLAIN]http://img407.imageshack.us/img407/6095/73837542.jpg

Do I cancel U2g? =3
When you say 'cancel', what you mean is 'ignore because it equals zero'. (OK.) As far as U2g is concerned, whether it equals zero or not depends on where you measure it from. Hint: If you measure gravitational PE from the lowest point of the block's motion, then you can set U2g = 0. (But then what does U1g equal?)
 
Last edited by a moderator:

Related to Potential energy and energy conservation question

1. What is potential energy?

Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its position or state. It is the stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.

2. How is potential energy calculated?

Potential energy can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by the acceleration due to gravity and the height of the object above a reference point. The formula for potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

3. What is the relationship between potential energy and energy conservation?

Potential energy is a form of energy that can be converted into other forms, such as kinetic energy. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, and potential energy can be converted into other forms of energy without any loss.

4. Can potential energy be negative?

Yes, potential energy can be negative. This occurs when the object is below the reference point or at a lower potential energy level. For example, if an object is placed at a depth below ground level, its potential energy would be negative.

5. How can potential energy be converted into kinetic energy?

Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy when an object is allowed to move from a higher potential energy level to a lower one. This can be achieved through various means such as dropping an object from a height, releasing a compressed spring, or converting chemical potential energy into kinetic energy through combustion.

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