What determines a bullet's grouping?

[CISJoshB]

What, other than recoil, the user's unsteady hands and gravity, causes bullets to impact different places on the target?

 

[mfb]

Things which might influence the bullet:
- Air conditions (wind, ...)
- Imperfections in the ammunition
- maybe the temperature in the weapon (as it can expand parts of it), which can increase during its use

Gravity should be the same for all bullets.

 

[CISJoshB]

Why is velocity often said to increase accuracy? Because it can go further before being blown off course or dropped?

 

[mfb]

Higher velocity -> shorter flight time for the same distance.
It reduces the time for air and gravity (and probably other effects) to modify the path.

 

[PJC01]

There are several factors that can affect a bullet's grouping on a target, including the quality and consistency of the ammunition, the barrel of the firearm, and external environmental factors.

The quality and consistency of the ammunition can greatly impact a bullet's grouping. Inconsistent or poor quality ammunition can result in variations in bullet weight, shape, and velocity, which can cause the bullets to impact in different places on the target. This is why it is important for shooters to use high-quality, properly manufactured ammunition for accurate and consistent grouping.

The barrel of the firearm also plays a crucial role in determining a bullet's grouping. A well-made and properly maintained barrel can provide consistent rifling and stability for the bullet, resulting in tighter groupings. On the other hand, a damaged or worn barrel can cause the bullet to wobble and veer off course, resulting in a wider grouping.

External environmental factors, such as wind, temperature, and humidity, can also affect a bullet's grouping. Wind can cause the bullet to veer off course, while extreme temperatures and humidity can affect the density of the air and the bullet's trajectory. These factors must be taken into consideration when aiming and shooting, as they can greatly impact the bullet's grouping on the target.

In conclusion, a bullet's grouping is determined by a combination of factors, including the quality of the ammunition, the barrel of the firearm, and external environmental factors. As a scientist, it is important to consider all of these factors when conducting research or experiments involving firearms and ammunition.