Understanding Friedmann Equations Equation of State: Step-by-Step Walkthrough

AI Thread Summary
The discussion focuses on understanding the equation of state derived from the Friedmann equations, particularly the relationship between density (ρ) and the scale factor (R) in cosmology. The user initially struggles with the integration process and the resulting proportionality, questioning the transition from ρ = e^-3(R/R0)ρ0 to ρ = ρ0(R0/R)^3. Clarifications are provided regarding logarithmic properties and the correct formulation of the equation, emphasizing that the equation should include both pressure and density terms. The user acknowledges their misunderstanding and thanks another participant for the clarification. The conversation highlights the importance of mathematical rigor in cosmological equations.
parsifal
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I've got some difficulties trying to understand the equation of state derived from Friedmann equations. I'd greatly appreciate it if someone walked me through this.

Now if the equation of state is stated as:
\Large \dot{\rho}+(3\rho +p)\frac{\dot{R}}{R}=0 \ \ |p=\omega \rho

Then (in the case of pressure being zero):
\Rightarrow \rho \propto R^{-3} \Rightarrow \rho = \rho _0 (\frac{R_0}{R})^3
I suspect the latter to be correct as it's not a result of my own logic :biggrin:

Now what I do not understand is the proportionality. If the equation of state is integrated I get something like this (set p=0):
\Large \dot{\rho}+(3\rho)\frac{\dot{R}}{R}=0<br /> \Rightarrow \dot{\rho}=-3\rho\frac{\dot{R}}{R} \Rightarrow<br /> \frac{1}{\rho}\dot{\rho}=-3\frac{\dot{R}}{R} \Rightarrow<br /> \frac{1}{\rho}\frac{d\rho}{dt}=-3\frac{1}{R}\frac{dR}{dt}\ \|\cdot dt
\Rightarrow<br /> \int _{\rho _0}^\rho \frac{1}{\rho}d\rho}=-3\int _{R_0}^R \frac{1}{R}dR \Rightarrow<br /> ln(\rho)-ln(\rho _0)=-3(ln(R)-ln(R_0)) \Rightarrow<br /> ln \frac{\rho}{\rho _0}=-3ln\frac{R}{R_0}\Rightarrow<br /> \frac{\rho}{\rho _0}=e^-3\frac{R}{R_0} \Rightarrow<br /> \rho=e^-3\frac{R}{R_0}\rho _0

Now is there some part to the theory that causes the equation to flip so that
\rho =e^-3\frac{R}{R_0}\rho _0 \Rightarrow \rho = \rho _0 (\frac{R_0}{R})^3
or don't I just get the mathematics right?

Or have I done something wrong right in the beginning deriving the equation of state?

Edit:
Of course, how could I not see it... forgetting that a log x = log xa.

Kurdt already told me that here, but then his message disappeared.

Well thanks to Kurdt anyway!
 
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Simply the laws of logarithms:

a\log(b) = \log(b^a)

and noting

(\frac{a}{b})^{-3} = (\frac{b}{a})^3

There is also no exponential function involved since:

e^{(\ln x)}=x

EDIT: I'd deleted the original post because I thought I'd misread your original post but I had not.
 
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parsifal said:
Now if the equation of state is stated as:
\Large \dot{\rho}+(3\rho +p)\frac{\dot{R}}{R}=0 \ \ |p=\omega \rho
Just as a side note, the correct equation is:

\Large \dot{\rho}+3\frac{\dot{R}}{R}(\rho +p)=0

It follows from \nabla_{\mu}T^{\mu}_0 = 0.
 
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