Why doesn't Noether thm produce exactly the stress-energy tensor?

AI Thread Summary
Noether's theorem applied to the electromagnetic Lagrangian yields a conserved current that differs from the classical electromagnetic stress-energy tensor by a total divergence. The derived current, T^{\mu\nu}, does not produce a symmetric stress-energy tensor, raising questions about its physical interpretation. The difference, K^{\mu\nu}, represents a divergence that does not affect global conservation laws. The discussion seeks to understand why Noether's procedure fails to yield a symmetric tensor and the significance of K^{\mu\nu}. This highlights the complexities in relating Noether currents to classical stress-energy interpretations.
roomzeig
Messages
1
Reaction score
0
In classical field theory, use noether theorem to compute conserved currents for electromagnetic Lagrangian.
\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F_{\mu\nu}, \quad F_{\mu\nu}=\partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu
For arbitrary translational symmetries, the Noether conserved current evaluates to:
T^{\mu \nu}=-F^{\mu \sigma}\eta^{\nu\lambda} \partial_\lambda A_\sigma + \tfrac{1}{4} \eta^{\mu\nu} F_{\alpha \beta} F^{\alpha \beta}
which is almost but not equal to the classical enm stress energy tensor:
\hat T^{\mu \nu}=-F^{\mu \sigma}\eta^{\nu\lambda} F_{\lambda \sigma} + \tfrac{1}{4} \eta^{\mu\nu} F_{\alpha \beta} F^{\alpha \beta}
with the difference being a total divergence:
K^{\mu\nu} \equiv \hat T^{\mu\nu} - T^{\mu\nu} = \partial_\sigma \left( F^{\mu \sigma} A^{\nu} \right)

I understand that the difference does not change global conservation etc, but why is it that the Noether procedure does not produce a *symmetric* classical stress energy tensor? is there a physical meaning of K^{\mu\nu}? if \hat T^{\mu nu} is interpreted, on the grounds of ENM, as stress-energy, what is T^{\mu\nu}?

Thanks.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
So I know that electrons are fundamental, there's no 'material' that makes them up, it's like talking about a colour itself rather than a car or a flower. Now protons and neutrons and quarks and whatever other stuff is there fundamentally, I want someone to kind of teach me these, I have a lot of questions that books might not give the answer in the way I understand. Thanks
Back
Top