Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma.
Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to carry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin. Insects and some mollusks use a fluid called hemolymph instead of blood, the difference being that hemolymph is not contained in a closed circulatory system. In most insects, this "blood" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen.
Jawed vertebrates have an adaptive immune system, based largely on white blood cells. White blood cells help to resist infections and parasites. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. Arthropods, using hemolymph, have hemocytes as part of their immune system.
Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled.
Medical terms related to blood often begin with hemo- or hemato- (also spelled haemo- and haemato-) from the Greek word αἷμα (haima) for "blood". In terms of anatomy and histology, blood is considered a specialized form of connective tissue, given its origin in the bones and the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen.
Homework Statement
A person will receive a DWI if his/her blood alcohol level (BAL) is 100mg per dL of blood or higher. Suppose a person is found to have a BAL of 0.033 mol of ethanol per liter of blood. Will the person receive a DWI? Assuming the cop isn't cool and just follows you...
Homework Statement
A Doppler blood flow unit emits ultrasound at 5.0 {\rm MHz}.
What is the frequency shift of the ultrasound reflected from blood moving in an artery at a speed of 0.20 m/s?
What equations would I use to calculate the doppler shift? It is not in my textbook...
In a giraffe with its head 2m above its heart , and its heart 2m above its feet, the hydrostatic gauge pressure in the blood at its heart is 250 torr . Assume that the giraffe stands upright and the blood density is 1.06 * 1000kg/cubic metre.In torr find the (gauge) blood pressure at the brain.
so, when measuring blood pressure, if you use a cuff that's too large for the patient, you get an incorrectly low reading. This doesn't make sense to me. why?
They give me a table of ion concentrations of the most common ions in the cell interior and in the blood. I am asked to calculate the conductivity of the cell interior and that of the blood. I have no idea how to calculate conductivity if I only know the concentrations. Here is the table I am...
When you stand up, blood pressure in your feet rise the most and become appx. 180 mmHg. How then does blood flow throughout the vascular when aortic pressure is 120 mmHg? difference in P=FlowX Resistance
In my physiology examination, I came across this question:
Find the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), when
Urine Concentration of Urea (U) = 70 (I don't remember the exact values, but it is of no importance),
Urine flow rate (V) = 1ml/min
Blood level of Urea = 20 ( or something)
In...
hey guys.. i need a bit of help on this question...
For a non-smoker, with blood viscosity of 2.5x10-3Pa's, normal blood flow requires a pressure difference of 8.0 mm of Hg between the two ends of an artery. If this person were to smoke regularly, his blood viscosity would increase to...
Hello
I have some 40 doses of frozen blood plasma from different people, I have to study the optics of wholeblood. Is it possible to just mix it with (lets say 40%) of fresh red blood cells. Will this do any harm the the biochemistry?
In that case
What if I'll do it by my self? just...
Hey
I have to do some spectroscopy of whole blood. But I can only get freezed blood. Is freezed blood different from 20 degree blood. Any chemical differences? does freezing destroy elements of blood.
regards
MB
So today, I got some blood drawn. A few minutes afterwards, while back sitting in the waiting room, I started to pass out. Over a period of what seemed like perhaps 5 minutes, my vision slowly greyed-out and I started to sweat. I called to a nurse and she helped me into a reclining chair...
Hey all, I'm doing this for a research project... I'm looking for an algorithm that can get the systolic and diastolic blood pressure using the oscillometric technique. I found techniques which find the blood pressured by first finding the max amplitude of the oscillometric wave and then finding...
I was just wondering what it means if you have tested yourself with a home tester and found that:
When your heartbeat is fast, your bloodpressure is normal
When your heartbeat is slow, your bloodpressure is high
Would that mean that one's blood is thick? :biggrin:
While I was at work I had it tested. BP was 116 over 82. Heart rate was 63.
I guess that's good considering I smoke and don't eat real healthy. .. and I'm 30 for the record.
So is that good, bad, normal?
I was just wondering why I haven't thought about this before but mindlessly dealt with it and cleaned it up.
Mew-mew my cat is a year old and for half a year he has had mucus (brown-clear) with sometimes a trace amount of blood in it. (not too much just a hair-literally looks like a red line)...
Hey,
I"m having a few problems with some motion problems and was wondering if someone could help?
The left ventricle of the heart accelerated blood from rest to a velocity of +23.9 cm s-1. If the displacement of the blood during the acceleration is +1.80 cm, determine its acceleration (in cm...
Homework Statement
What are the equations that govern the steady laminar flow of blood, modeled as an isothermal,
incompressible, Newtonian fluid, through an aneurysm in the aorta, which is idealized as a “spherical
bulge” located in a straight tube?
Homework Equations ??
Assumptions...
From New Scientist:
"It sounds like the perfect remedy for modern life: a pill that simultaneously reduces both belly fat and blood pressure. And it may already exist."
Has anyone ever heard of a patient on ACE inhibitors report they are losing belly fat?
I'm only slightly interested in...
The probability of a rise or fall in blood pressure??
I have developed a database program that searches for all blood pressure readings that are similar to the readings of any given patient. The program then retrieves the following day’s data from all the matching patients to find out what (if...
Homework Statement
The velocity v of the flow of blood at a distance r from the central axis of an artery of radius R is v=k(R^2-r^2) where K is the constant of proportionality. Find the average rate of flow of blood along a radius of the artery. (use 0 and R as the limits of integration)...
i remember once seeing on tv (fiction) how a man threatened another with a syringe and said he would inject the other with air and that 2 ccm would be enough to kill, if i remember correctly
what happens if air gets into your circulatory system ?
i imagine it would be ok until it is pumped...
What does increase our blood tension and might cause hypertension? Does period and stress increase our blood tension?
More questions are coming ...:tongue:
I am confused about how increased potassium intake lowers blood volume. I understand that K+ is the primary intracellular cation, and Na+ is the primary extracellular one. I also know that the Na-K pump ejects 3 Na+ from the cell for every 2 K+ it brings into the cell.
My book physiology...
How long can blood be stored for until it's no longer usable is there a length of time after which its stored where it can no longer be transferred into someone? why/why not? thanks
According to bernoullli, assuming ideal flow, if you increase the area of a tube... vessel in this case, pressure increases as well
however, high blood pressure is caused by constriction of arteries... so is blood flow just not ideal then?
O type blood
Blood that is donated isn't necessarily compatible even if it's O type right because of the rhesus factor? Somebody told me it was but I think maybe they were wrong?
What goes in Medical Sciences section and what goes in the biology section? I've had threads moved before, I mean what content would go into the medical sciences section?
[edited: second question already asked in biology ~Moonbear]
I'm currently reading this article by Ken Miller on a plausible account of how the blood clotting mechanism in vertebrates might have evolved. There's some things I don't understand but which I hope someone here will explain to me:
Here's the article...
Human blood is human blood right? So is the blood of caucasians, white people, black people etc all the same? What are the differences between the blood of some humans and the blood of others, other than blood type and having infections like aids?
thanks
We can't afford to bank the babies cord blood, but I know how beneficial it is. Is there some way I can donate it so even though we can't store it some other child could benefit?
I have like, the highest amount of anxiety and paranoia possible, I was badly abused in high school and have post traumatic stress
I thought it was normal to **** blood during your period ie when you go to the bathroom...I've done it since I can't remember...is that not normal? wtf? Anyways...
Question:
Blood can carry excess energy from the interior to the surface of the body, where the energy is dispersed in a number of ways. While a person is exercising, 0.671 kg of blood flows to the surface of the body and releases 1860 J of energy. The blood arriving at the surface has the...
Does anyone know the velocity of blood through the aorta? I have a problem that involves an ultrasound probe and I need to know which velocites of blood I should design for. I know cardiac output is stroke volume x heart rate, but a) what are the range of values for stroke volume and b) how do...
blood pressure meds! are they good?
Hi all, I am 26 years old female and recently put on high blood pressure meds. I believe it was caused by a lot of stress and anxiety. I was put on meds after the birth of my daughter about 3 years ago. Some people tell me that once I start high blood...
[SOLVED] I have had low blood pressure
I have had low blood pressure which was normally 90-95 over 75-80. Now my question is, if its bad to have low blood pressure wouldn’t you think there would be a pill to safely raise it much like those who take BP meds to lower there high pressure. And if...
Homework Statement
Normal blood speed is 0.13 meters/second. If an artery has a narrowing down to one-seventh of the normal cross-sectional area, what is the difference in blood pressures between the normal and constricted segments? Answer is Pascals. Blood density is 1060 kg/meters^3...
I am sorry, I didn't know exactly where to put this. I do believe it has to do with physics but I am not completely sure, so I hope it's OK to place the thread here. If not, I apologize greatly.
I had a discussion at school about swimming in various liquids. I came to the conclusion that it...
Peter Unger has argued that every single dollar you do not spend on anything but the absolute essentials of our survival is a dollar that has some starving child's blood on it. What are your opinions on this statement?
OK, so I'm new here and really lost on how to these two problems involving blood pressure and syringe force etc. Any help would be appreciated, and if you could somewhat explain how you solved it that would be great, so I can know how to do this in the future.
Homework Statement
1...
the left ventricle of the heart accleartes blood from rest toi a velocity of +26 cm/s.
A)if the displacement of the blood during the acceleration is +20 cm, determine its accleatrion in (cm/s)
b) How much time does the blood take to reach its final velcoity?
Kindly please provide steps...
I've looked all over and I can only find information on blood agar hemolyis for gram positive bacteria. Can I take this to mean that gram negative bacteria are generally gamma hemolytic? If so, are there any notable exceptions to this? One that I would guess is pathogenic E. coli, which cause...