Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪg ˈbɔlt͡sman]; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics, and the statistical explanation of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1877 he provided the current definition of entropy,
S
=
k
B
ln
Ω
{\displaystyle S=k_{\rm {B}}\ln \Omega \!}
, interpreted as a measure of statistical disorder of a system. Max Planck named the constant kB the Boltzmann constant.Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as temperature and pressure) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as heat capacity) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in classical thermodynamics, the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.
Hi I'm new here with new problem. I have to show how can the Planck average energy reduce to Boltzmann energy in the limit of no quantization, but I have some problems to understand how should I solve this.
If you have any ideas or answers or maybe some materials please send me a MAIL or...
Hi all,
can anyone see what is going wrong in the following problem please (this is really important, so if you have any hints that would be fantastic!)
The restoring force corresponding to a change in length of the bnd between Hydrogen atoms in H2 is k = 2400 N/m, find the fraction of...
We know the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the energy and the speed of a molecule of an ideal gas. Using derivatives it is easy to see that the most probable speed for a gas molecule is given by sqrt(2kT/m), which corresponds to kinetic energy kT. Calculating the most probable energy, we get...
I need to answer the following question:
A simple energy level system has two energy levels. These are the energy levels matching the spin of a proton in a magnetic field. This is important for NMR. In that case the energy difference depends on the used magnetic field, but for a typical NMR...
I have a homework problem that asks me to interpret the two curves for when the Fermi level (Ef) is 0.25 eV. I ploted the two graphs and both of them look nothing alike when E < Ef. But both plots predict a probability of essentially zero when E > Ef. I was wondering why is there such a large...
I got a problem by finding an proper explanation.
The Boltzmann factor is defined as
P_j=\frac{1}{Z}e^{-\beta E_j}
I know, this is a probability distribution. but what exactly does it mean?
Wikipedia says: "The probability Pj that the system occupies microstate j" (link)
But that doesen...
Boltzmann Equation--where'd the 3 come from?
Greetings, I'm a little bit confused about the derivation for the Boltzmann equation for a particle in thermal equilibrium in the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric. I've been following the exposition in Kolb and Turner, The Early Universe p. 116. I...
According to Max Planck :
Planck's seven (7) primary universal base unit values
1) Planck intensity : (bar-hG/c^5)^1/2/sr = 7.8672231(80) x 10^-46 cd
2) Planck time : (bar-hG/c^5)^1/2 = 5.3904639(43) x 10^-44 s
3) Planck length : (bar-hG/c^3)^1/2 = 1.6160204(35) x 10^-35 m
4) Planck...
from callen, equation 16.10 reads Z = sum(e^-BE)
the text later says that F = -kT ln Z, and states that it gives the helmholtz potential as a function of B, V, N
where B = 1/kT
my question is, what part of this relationship characterizes the volume?
Physical systems are analog computers and sample their states according to Boltzmann distribution, this is what usually taken as granted in solving so many problems in statistical physics. what actually is the physics of Boltzmann distribution...anyone...?