In atomic theory and quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term atomic orbital may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as predicted by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and ml, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Each such orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own projection of spin
m
s
{\displaystyle m_{s}}
. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital, and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, ...) because some languages do not distinguish between the letters "i" and "j".Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d, and f atomic orbitals, respectively, although for higher values of the quantum number n, particularly when the atom in question bears a positive charge, the energies of certain sub-shells become very similar and so the order in which they are said to be populated by electrons (e.g. Cr = [Ar]4s13d5 and Cr2+ = [Ar]3d4) can only be rationalized somewhat arbitrarily.
Can there exist a satellite which shares orbital foci with our Sun, and with the extrasolar likes of (e. g.) the Oort cloud - but in particular another star, say Proxima Centuri?
Show that the escape speed from a planet is related to the speed of a circulat orbit just above the surface of the planet by Ve = square root(2Vc), where Vc is the speed of an object in the circular orbit.
I'm looking at GMem(object)/r^2 = m(o)v^2/r
But I do not know if this equation will...
Is anyone familiar with "Satellite Orbits: Models, Methods, Applications" by Montenbruck and Gill?
I'm looking for something that starts a little more basic, but builds up to a decent level. I have my own copy of Vallado's Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications, but it's a little...
http://www.medphys.ucl.ac.uk/~martins/orbit/orbit.html
One of the best programs for anyone interested in orbital mechanics of space flight or anyone who just wants to simulate a shuttle or Apollo flight with a joystick. :smile:
I found this a couple of days ago and have downloaded about...
Th eother day while surfing I found a list of the 120 detected extra-solar planets. (Minus the 2 super giants)
Just for the heck of it I decided to take this info and plot to a graph. I decided to plot planet mass against oribtal distance. The graph is attached.
I also plotted the...
I am a first-year physics/chemistry major in First-term Calculus-based Physics. Normally, I have no trouble with my physics assignments, but this problem...man, i have no idea even where to start, even after analyzing it for two hours straight! Any help would be appreciated!
5. You are an...
What would the value of linear momentum in the r direction for an electron in the 1s orbital of Hydrogen be?
Is this an expectation value or eigenvalue?
A comet is first observed at a distance of 1/3 AU from the Sun and traveling at a speed of twice the Earth' s orbital speed. Assuming that the Earth' s orbit is circular, argue from an energy viewpoint whether the comet' s orbit is elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic.
Now, I know the...
I have produced the most accurate electron binding energy equation known to-date. This equation predicts the ls orbital electron binding energies from lithium to uranium to within an accuracy of +/- 5%. The averaged error for all the ls orbital binding energies from lithium to uranium is only...
I am wondering what forces cause the nodes between orbitals to occur, and if these nodes are ever penetrated or crossed by electrons during exitation of the atom.
Greetings !
What do you think of the Orbital Space Plane program ?
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=870
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/rlv-03a.html
I realize the articles already express opinions on
the subject so you can search other sources for more
info of course. But...
Does anyone know what would be the approximate orbital period (time for one complete orbit) for an apple placed in orbit around Earth at the moon’s distance from Earth?
hi, could someone please help me with this problem??
If a small planet were discovered with a distance from the sun eight times that of the Earth, what would you predict for its period in (Earth) years. (i.e. how many times longer would it take to go round the sun than the Earth does.)