What is rank: Definition and 307 Discussions

Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), also known as TRANCE receptor or TNFRSF11A, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular sub-family. RANK is the receptor for RANK-Ligand (RANKL) and part of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. It is associated with bone remodeling and repair, immune cell function, lymph node development, thermal regulation, and mammary gland development. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for RANKL, and regulates the stimulation of the RANK signaling pathway by competing for RANKL. The cytoplasmic domain of RANK binds TRAFs 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 which transmit signals to downstream targets such as NF-κB and JNK.
RANK is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle, thymus, liver, colon, small intestine, adrenal gland, osteoclast, mammary gland epithelial cells, prostate, vascular cell, and pancreas. Most commonly, activation of NF-κB is mediated by RANKL, but over-expression of RANK alone is sufficient to activate the NF-κB pathway.RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand) is found on the surface of stromal cells, osteoblasts, and T cells. Mutations affecting RANK have been associated with infantile malignant osteopetrosis in humans, mice and cats.

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  1. S

    Linear algebra rank and dimensions

    Homework Statement Prove Rank A + dim Nul A^T = m where A is in R^(mxn) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I honestly can't figure out where to go with this. I know that Rank A + dim Nul A = n, but I don't know if there is a relationship between the two.
  2. jinksys

    Lin Alg - Rank of a Matrix

    Let S = {v1, v2, v3, v4, v5} v1 = <1,1,2,1> v2 = <1,0,-3,1> v3 = <0,1,1,2> v4 = <0,0,1,1> v5 = <1,0,0,1> Find a basis for the subspace V = span S of R^4. ---- My attempt: I place the five vectors into a matrix, where each vector is a row of the matrix. I solve for row-echelon (not RREF). I...
  3. O

    Understanding the Tensor Rank of Pressure in Physics

    Hi,all I am really very serious about what actually is the nature of pressure as a physical quantity.Books says it has no direction i.e. it is scalar some says it is not.but thinking ourselves it seems pressure has direction in the direction of applied force.Now I want to understand the...
  4. O

    Understanding Pressure as a Scalar Quantity: Exploring Tensors and Rank

    Hello everybody, yesterday I stand to teach vectors and scalars to 12th standard students in a coaching.While giving examples of scalars I named mass , work , pressure etc.Then a student argued me that pressure should be a vector quantity since when you apply a push on wall that is force then...
  5. A

    T:P2 to R2, find rank or nullity of T

    Homework Statement Find either the rank or nullity of T. T:P2--> R2 defined by T(p(x)) = [p(0) p(1)] Homework Equations Null(T)={x:T(x)=0} I think its usually easier to to find Nullity as opposed to Rank. The Attempt at a Solution I...
  6. R

    How to prove that rank is a similarity invariant?

    1. Prove that the rank of a matrix is invariant under similarity.Notes so far: Let A, B, P be nxn matrices, and let A and B be similar. That is, there exists an invertible matrix P such that B = P-1AP. I know the following relations so far: rank(P)=rank(P-1)=n ; rank(A) = rank(AT); rank(A) +...
  7. e2m2a

    Are angle measurements rank 0 tensors?

    If I measure an angle in one reference frame to be 90 degrees, would it be 90 degrees with respect to all other reference frames? That is, is angle measurement a rank 0 tensor? I'm assuming all other reference systems are at non-relativistic velocities.
  8. T

    Do Vectors Remain Invariant and What Defines Tensor Rank?

    "The components of a vector change under a coordinate transformation, but the vector itself does not." ie: V = a*x + b*y = c*x' + d*y' Though the components (and the basis) have changed, V is still = V. Question 1: Is that right? (I'm assuming so, the main Q is below) Tensor rank...
  9. T

    Rank & Kernel of A: Solving Linear Equations

    Homework Statement Let A=[{1,3,2,2},{1,1,0,-2},{0,1,1,2}] i) Find the rank ii) Viewing A as a linear map from M4x1 to M3x1, find a basis for the kernel of A and verify directly that these basis vectors are indeed linearly independent. Homework Equations None The Attempt at a Solution...
  10. S

    Finding the Inv. of a rank deficient Matrix

    I have the following problem: A * Phi = Ax' * Sx + Ay' * Sy where, A= Ax' * Ax + Ay' * Ay + Axy' * Axy and I would like to solve for Phi. Matrix A is: 1)symmetric 2) [89x89] 3) Rank(A)=88 ( I guess it means that there is no unique solution ) 4) Det(A)~=0 ( I guess it means...
  11. S

    Proving the Isomorphism of [ ]B: L(V) to Mnxn(R) in Linear Transformations

    Prove that the function [ ]B: L(V) -> Mnxn(R) given by T -> [T]B is an isomorphism. [T]B is the B-matrix for T, where T is in the vector space of all linear transformations. I don't quite understand this...
  12. C

    Can the Sum of Matrix Ranks Be Greater Than n When AB Equals Zero?

    Homework Statement a)Let A and B be nxn matrices such that AB=0. Prove that rank A + rank B <=n. b)Prove that if A is a singular nxn matrix, then for every k satifying rank A<=k<=n there exists an nxn matrix B such that AB=0 and rank A + rank B = k. Homework Equations rank A + dim Nul...
  13. G

    Choice of variable to make matrix rank = 1

    Homework Statement What choice of d would make matrix a b c d have a rank of 1? Homework Equations rank(A) + nullity(A) = n The Attempt at a Solution In order for rank = 1, then nullity must = 1 because n = 2. This isn't a nonsingular matrix, so det(A) = ad-bc =/= 0. d = bc/a, where 'a'...
  14. D

    How to prove that if A is a diagonalizable matrix, then the rank of A

    How to prove that if A is a diagonalizable matrix, then the rank of A is the number of nonzero eigenvalues of A. Thanks and regard.
  15. W

    Contraction of a rank 4 tensor

    I'm trying to contract a rank 4 tensor with covariant rank 2 and contravariant rank 2 with four different indices [T[ab][cd]] to get a scalar value T and I have no idea how to do it as I'm sure a or b does not equal c or d. Any help would be much appreciated.
  16. S

    Prove/Disprove: Rank and Nullity of A^2 ≤ A

    Homework Statement For any (nxn) matrix A, prove or disprove with a counter example: 1. Rank(A^2) <= rank(A) 2. Nullity(A^2) <= nullity(A) Homework Equations Rank = dimension of range Nullity = dimension of null space The Attempt at a Solution I have been trying a few examples...
  17. Z

    Prove that similar matrices have the same rank

    Homework Statement Prove that similar matrices have the same rank. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Similar matrices are related via: B = P-1AP, where B, A and P are nxn matrices.. since P is invertible, it rank(P) = n, and so since the main diagonal of P all > 0...
  18. J

    Linear Algebra Proof: Rank and Zero Matrix

    Homework Statement A is an c x d matrix. B is a d x k matrix. If rank(A) = d and AB = 0, show that B = 0.Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My textbook has a solution but I don't understand it: The rank of A is d, therefore A is not the zero matrix. (I asked my prof why d can't be...
  19. T

    Proving the Rank Equivalence of Adjoint Operators

    I have a question about the rank of adjoint operator... Let T : V → W be a linear transformation where V and W are finite-dimensional inner product spaces with inner products <‧,‧> and <‧,‧>' respectively. A funtion T* : W → V is called an adjoint of T if <T(x),y>' = <x,T*(x)> for all x in V...
  20. K

    Proving Rank of A = Rank of ATA

    Hi, Does anyone know how to prove rank(A)=rank(AT A) where A is any matrix and AT is the transposed of matrix A? I have difficulty to prove the part that nulity(A)=nulity(AT A). Any help will be appreciated.
  21. maverick280857

    Exploring the Relationship Between Trace and Rank in Idempotent Matrices

    Hi Is it true that for an idempotent matrix A (satisfying A^2 = A), we have trace(A) = rank(A) Where can I find more general identities or rather, relationships between trace and rank? I did not encounter such things in my linear algebra course. I'm taking a course on regression...
  22. T

    Prove Rk(A+B) ≤ Rk(A) + Rk(B) - Tal

    Hey Guys, Another matrice question Homework Statement Prove: Rk(A+B)\leq Rk(A) +Rk(B) The Attempt at a Solution Rk(A+B) = Dim[R(A) + R(B)] Where R(A) is the row space of A we know that Dim[R(A)+R(B)] = Dim[R(A)] + Dim[R(B)] - Dim[R(A)\capR(B)] Which means that Dim[R(A)+R(B)]...
  23. W

    Rank Designs A-F: Largest to Smallest Tension

    Homework Statement A sign is to be hung from the end of a thin pole, and the pole supported by a single cable. Your design firm brainstorms the six scenarios shown below. In scenarios A, B, and D, the cable is attached halfway between the midpoint and end of the pole. In C, the cable is...
  24. J

    Difference between dimension and rank

    Hey all. I know this is a basic concept but I don't really understand it. I don't get what the difference between rank and dimension is. According to my book, the rank of a matrix is the dimension of the column space. Does that not imply that they are the same, unless the question...
  25. F

    Rank of sample covariance matrix

    I was reading Turk and Pentland paper 'Eigenfaces for recognition' and they assert that, if M < N, the maximum rank of a covariance matrix is M - 1, being M the number of samples and NxN the size of the covariance matrix. Is there any simple demonstration of this fact? Thanks in advance...
  26. J

    Rank of Product Of Matrices

    Homework Statement Let A be an m * n matrix with rank m and B be an n * p matrix with rank n. Determine the rank of AB. Justify your answer. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I don't really know where to start off, but I have some things that might help...
  27. W

    Why the rank of an irreducible tensor must be an integer?

    why not half-integer? according to the definition, such as [J_z,T^k_q]=q T^k_q it is quite possible that k can be a half-integer.
  28. U

    Rank of a 4x4 Matrix A: Linear Algebra Homework Solution

    Homework Statement Find the rank of A = {[1 0 2 0] [4 0 3 0] [5 0 -1 0] [2 -3 1 1]} Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution i row reduced A to be: {[1 0 0 0] [0 1 0 -1/3] [0 0 1 0]} where do i go from here?
  29. J

    Rank of a 2-vector (exterior algebra)

    I understand that there is a way to find a basis \{e_1,...,e_n\} of a vector space V such that a 2-vector A can be expressed as A = e_1\wedge e_2 + e_3\wedge e_4 + ...+e_{2r-1}\wedge e_{2r} where 2r is denoted as the rank of A. However the way that I know to prove this seems sort of...
  30. M

    Rank 3 tensor created by taking the derivative of electromagnetic field tensor

    Homework Statement Show that the rank 3 tensor S_{\alpha \beta \gamma}=F_{\alpha \beta , \gamma} + F_{\beta \gamma , \alpha} + F_{\gamma \alpha , \beta} is completely antisymmetric. I just don't feel comfortable doing this stuff at all. Each of the three terms seems like they should be...
  31. P

    How to determine if a subset of rank-1 matrices can sum to a full-rank matrix?

    HI, I came across the following question, which I could only solve for one trivial special case. I'm hoping for help from your side on how to deal with the general case. Assume we are in the situation that we have a decomposition of a full-rank d x d matrix, M, into a sum of N rank-1 matrices...
  32. maverick280857

    No (Lorentz) Invariant tensor of rank 3?

    Hi everyone, (This isn't a homework problem). How does one show that there is no Lorentz invariant tensor of rank 3 and the only Lorentz invariant tensor of rank 4 is the 4D Levi Civita tensor? Thanks in advance.
  33. F

    Rank Resistances: A, B, C, A+B, B+C, A+B+C

    Homework Statement The figure below shows cross sections through three long square conductors of the same length and material, with square cross sections of edge lengths as shown. Conductor B fits snugly within conductor A, and conductor C fits snugly within conductor B. Rank the following...
  34. D

    Prove that the matrices have the same rank.

    Homework Statement Prove that the three matrices have the same rank. \left[ \begin{array}{c} A\\ \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array}{c} A & A\\ \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array}{cc} A & A\\ A & A\\ \end{array} \right] Homework...
  35. A

    Fortran Fortran, complex array with rank one

    I'm using the MATMUL command to multiplicate two arrays: array A is of rank one and has three complex elements, while array B is a 3x3 matrix with complex elements. However, the compilation is aborted because "the shapes of the array expressions do not conform". I'm pretty sure that the...
  36. K

    Effect of orthonormal projection on rank

    Homework Statement Given rank(R) and a QR factorization A = QR, what is the rank(A) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I want to know if multiplication by a full rank orthonormal matrix Q and an upper trapezoidal matrix R yields rank(R)=rank(Q*R)=rank(A) This is...
  37. J

    Is a mixed second rank tensor reducible?

    As a complete novice, I'm reading a text which says that a mixed second rank tensor T^{u}_{v} is reducible but don't see how. Anyone care to show me? :wink:
  38. D

    Linear Algebra (Meaning of Rank)

    Homework Statement True or False: If A is an n x n matrix, then the rank of A equals the number of linearly independent row vectors in A. Homework Equations None The Attempt at a Solution Okay, I know this is a ridiculously easy question, but I'm wondering if there is a catch...
  39. J

    Rank and nullity of linear maps

    Homework Statement By considering the dimensions of the range or null space, determine the rank and the nullity of the following linear maps: a) D:Pn --> Pn-1, where D(x^k)=Kx^k-1 b) L:M(2,3) --> M(2,3) where L([a b c; d e f])=[d e f; 0 0 0] c) Tr:M(3,3) --> R, where Tr(A)=a11+a22+a33 (the...
  40. J

    Rank of a Matrix - Physics Forum | Jennifer

    Hi, My name is Jennifer and I'm new to Physics Forum. I was googling algebraic terms when I came across this site. It looks very helpful and I will greatly appreciate it if someone can help me answer this question:- Let L : Rn --> Rm and M : Rm --> Rp be linear mappings. a) Prore that rank(...
  41. V

    Linear algebra, rank and nullity

    Homework Statement Find the rank and nullity of the given matrix: |-2 2 1 1 -2 |----->(1) |1 -1 -1 -3 3 |----->(2) |-1 1 -1 7 5 |----->(3) The attempt at a solution i know rank is the number of non-zero rows and nullity is the # of columns minus the rank matrix: i took...
  42. S

    What does it mean for a matrix to have rank 0 ( zero) ?

    What does it mean for a matrix to have rank 0 ( zero) ?
  43. J

    Theorem: Rank of a Matrix: Proof & Questions

    Theorem: Let A be an m x n matrix. If P and Q are invertible m x m and n x n matrices, respectively, then (a.) rank(AQ) = rank(A) (b.) rank(PA) = rank(A) (c.) rank(PAQ) = rank(A) Proof: R(L_A_Q) = R(L_AL_Q) = L_AL_Q(F^n) = L_A(L_Q(F^n)) = L_A(F^n) = R(L_A) since L_Q is onto...
  44. S

    A question about the rank of the sum of linear transformations

    Notations: L(V,W) stands for a linear transformation vector space form vector space V to W. rk(?) stands for the rank of "?". Question: Let τ,σ ∈L(V,W) , show that rk(τ + σ) ≤ rk(τ) + rk(σ). I want to know wether the way I'm thinking is right or not, or there's a better explanation...
  45. S

    A question about the rank of a linear operator

    Let T is a linear transformation from a vector space V to V itself. The dimension of V, denoted by dim(V), is finite. If the rank of T, denoted by rk(T), is equivalent to the rank of TT, i.e., rk(T)=rk(TT) why is the intersection of image of T(denoted by im(T)) and the kernel of T(denoted...
  46. L

    Proving T_{ijk} is a Third Rank Tensor and its Transformation Properties

    T_{ijk} is an array with 27 components which is not known to represent a tensor. If for every second rank tensor, R_{ij}, the quantity v_i=T_{ijk}R_{jk} is always a vector, show that T_{ijk} is a third rank tensor. I've managed the bit above. Just stuck on the next part: If R_{ij} is any...
  47. L

    Rank of a Matrix: Determine Value of k

    Homework Statement Determine the values of k, if any, that give the matrix (1,1,k),(1,k,1),(k,1,1) a rank of: zero, one, two, or three. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I tried reducing to row echelon form but it's confusing dealing with all the k's. Is there a...
  48. L

    Isotropic rank 3 pseudotensor help

    Can anybody show me how any isotropic rank 3 pseudotensor can be written as a_{ijk}=\lambda \epsilon_{ijk} for the isotropic rank 2 tensor case [i.e. a_{ij}=\lamda \delta_{ij} ], my notes prove it by considering an example i.e. a rotation by \frac{\pi}{2} radians about the z axis.
  49. L

    Help with a relatively simple first order, first rank DE

    Here is the problem. Skip the first two paragraphs to get to the pure math part. There are two cubes of water, both with area of 2 x 2 dm^2. Via the bottom they are connected by a tube, and the flow of water is (surprise, surprise) proportional to the difference in water level between the...
  50. C

    What are the rank conditions for consistency of a linear algebraic system?

    what are the rank conditions for consistency of a linear algebraic system? my proffessor said that the coefficient matrix augmented with the column value matrix must have the same rank as the coefficient matrix for consistency of the system of equations. however does the term rank apply to...
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