What is Stream: Definition and 174 Discussions

A stream is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel. The flow of a stream is controlled by three inputs – surface water, subsurface water and groundwater. The surface and subsurface water are highly variable between periods of rainfall. Groundwater, on the other hand, has a relatively constant input and is controlled more by long-term patterns of precipitation. The stream encompasses surface, subsurface and groundwater fluxes that respond to geological, geomorphological, hydrological and biotic controls.Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long large streams are usually called rivers.
Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in groundwater recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography.

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  1. Stoney Pete

    Can a hyperset be its own powerset? And what is its stream?

    This is probably a silly question but I am curious: Is it possible in hyperset theory to have a set S such that S = pow S? And wouldn't its stream then be the entire hierarchy V of pure sets?
  2. S

    Stream around a perturbated cylinder

    Homework Statement I know that the following problem is really long but bear with me. The questions I have are quite simple. The problem: Calculate the speed profile of an inviscid fluid around a perturbated cylinder. The radius of the cylinder is given as $$r=R(1-\varepsilon \sin ^2 \Theta)$$...
  3. J

    What would happen if a stream of electrons hits a conductor?

    I don't know much about particle physics, but out of curiosity I was wondering what would happen if a stream of electrons hit a conductor, say copper plating, an would it be detectible?
  4. rcgldr

    Explanation for ball hovering in a vertical stream

    Example video I made a few years go: Note that most of the air interacting with the ball flows around the ball, as demonstrated near the end of the video where a tube is used to prevent flow around the ball, causing the ball to shoot upwards. The main point of this post is the explanation...
  5. 1

    Boat crossing a stream time taken

    Homework Statement In still water a boat travels at 6km/h. A stream is flowing south at 4km/h. Calculate the time it would take for the boat to travel directly across the stream and back if the stream is 1.5km wide Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
  6. M

    Designing Powerful Water Guns for Distance Propulsion

    Good morning, I always walk on egg shells posting what is probably a redundant question on a forum. I have been reading for two days and there is a ton of physics information out there on the subject but most of it doesn't truly address the mechanics of what I am looking for. In a very...
  7. Corin511

    What is the relationship between water stream diameter and distance from faucet?

    Homework Statement Daphne goes to the kitchen for a glass of water. She turns on the faucet so the stream of water is laminar flow. She notes that the diameter of the water steam decreases with distance below the faucet assuming that the water exits the faucet of diameter D with speeds v0...
  8. TumblingDice

    Alan Guth:Inflationary Cosmology live stream 10/31

    Just saw this. "Learn inflationary cosmology from the guy who invented it." Live stream Friday, 10/31, at 2pm EDT (11am PDT) here: http://new.livestream.com/accounts/4044190/AlanGuthLivestream
  9. V

    Free stream temperature in convective bc's in Fluent

    I'm trying to solve the case of a fluid flow inside a tube using CFD fluent solver with convective bc for fluid side surface of the tube. As the boundary conditions take both inlet and free stream temperatures along with velocity at the inlet, i am confused with values of to be given for inlet...
  10. M

    How can i stream my console to my computer using just wifi

    Is there a program i can use or do i have to create one? If so,is it even possible?
  11. T

    Stream function along solid boundary

    Hi, I am studying fluid mechanics and I am trying to get to grips with slip and no-slip boundaries. I know that: Slip ---> Occurs when fluid is inviscid so no viscous stress at boundary. No-slip ---> Viscous effects mean the the tangential velocity must be zero, relative to the boundary...
  12. F

    Accelerating a micron size particle in an air stream

    Hi, I have a 1m long, 10mm ID vertical tube attached to a vacuum system. I have a known flow rate of the air down the tube which is used to calculate the air velocity. My question is if I then add micrometre sized particles (initially at rest) to the air stream what is their velocity at...
  13. L

    Aerodynamics HW - fluid particles acceleration based on stream functio

    Homework Statement prove that with flow in a corner, with stream function ψ=Axy, particles are accelerating per \frac{DV}{Dt}=(A2(x2-y2))/r; A=const; r-distance from the center of the corner Homework Equations Vx=U=\frac{∂ψ}{∂y} . . Vy=V=-\frac{∂ψ}{∂x}...
  14. J

    What are some peoperties that are measured in a process stream ?

    what are some chemical or physical properties that are typically measured in a process stream ?
  15. N

    Finding stream functions for a cylinder [fluid mechanics]

    Homework Statement Hi The stream function for a cylinder with radius a in a uniform crosswind is given by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_flow_around_a_circular_cylinder#Stream_function) \psi = Ur \sin(1-a^2/r^2) How does one show this formally?
  16. gfd43tg

    Entropy balance for air stream

    Homework Statement Ten kmol per hour of air is throttled from upstream conditions of 25°C and 10 bar to a downstream pressure of 1.2 bar. Assume air to be an ideal gas with Cp= (7/2)R. (a)What is the downstream temperature? (b)What is the entropy change of the air in J mol-1K-1? (c)What...
  17. N

    Stream function/velocity potential in fluid mechanics

    Hi! When you are calculating ##\psi## or ##\phi## from the horizontal or vertical velocity components of a fluid's velocity, you end up with a constant ##C## carried along with the function. In my class, the professor just said something about them being arbitrary (I think..) and set them to...
  18. N

    Truncated cone on stream of water

    Hello. My friend said a truncated cone that is the upside down (the hole is open downwards) may be held in the air by a stream of water... How? It is really true? Ok, consider a constant mass flow of water. How can I create a formula, which tell how high I have to place the cone? - (I want to...
  19. T

    How do proteins get into the blood stream?

    Hi there, So I'm asking this in reference to the injection of insulin, which is commonly done subcutaneously (in the hypodermis, a fatty part of skin). Now I know proteins usually get into the blood when digested through the stomach/intestines - but I was wondering how they manage to get into...
  20. M

    Recycle Stream with Reaction

    Homework Statement Problem 12.20 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution For this problem, I am having a hard time getting any values for the streams, so I am stuck at stream G and K and can't figure out how much is going into G since I don't know the liquid recycle stream. I...
  21. B

    Calculating Air Flow Rate for Floating Ball in Vertical Pipe

    Hi all, I am working on a prototype and I have a question that I am not sure how to answer, thus the reason I am here. I have a piece of 4" pipe that I will vertically mount and I am reducing down to 1". Inside the tubing I have a racquetball. I am going to be sending air through the...
  22. A.T.

    Cavitation at/in Fast Water Stream

    In this video at 7:15 you see a rifle fired underwater: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp5gdUHFGIQ Apparently even before the bullet leaves the barrel, you see a cavitation trace coming out. The author explains it with the water being pushed out of the barrel by the bullet, forming a...
  23. B

    Calculate the total available energy from a water stream by use of a t

    I keep confusing myself on this question, basically i want to know how you would determine the amount of potential energy you could capture by using a turbine, if water is flowing down a pipe into a river. The change in elevation from the start to end of pipe is 30 meters. The pipe is 100...
  24. R

    Question about magnetic field generation by stream of electron

    An electric current going through a wire generates a magnetic field as per the right hand rule. Will a pencil stream of electrons traveling in a vacuum at near light speed also generate a magnetic field--??----Also, what would a hypothetical observer traveling at the same speed and direction as...
  25. S

    Diameter of a stream of water from a faucet

    Homework Statement Consider a stream of water flowing from a kitchen faucet. At the mouth of the faucet, the diameter of the stream is 0.960 cm. The stream fills a 125 cm^3 container in 16.3 seconds. Find the diameter of the stream 13.0 cm below the mouth of the faucet. Homework...
  26. R

    Water Mass that Will Condence out of Air Stream

    I am currently attempting to determine the amount (mass) of water that is condensing during a temperature change inside of a heat exchanger. Inititial Temp is 300°F, Initial Pressure is 19.696psia (5psig) in the air stream, Initial %RH is 5%. Final Temperature is 129°F and becomes 100% RH at...
  27. R

    Mass of Condensed Water Out of a Moist Air Stream

    I am currently attempting to determine the amount (mass) of water that is condensing during a temperature change inside of a heat exchanger. Inititial Temp is 300°F, Initial Pressure is 19.696psia (5psig) in the air stream, Initial %RH is 5%. Final Temperature is 129°F and becomes 100% RH at...
  28. B

    Why does a stream change trajectory?

    Okay bear with me here because this might get disgusting. But I was watching Henry's video on how astronauts went to the bathroom in space, and basically they did it in a bag, and shot the bag outside into outerspace. And then he mentioned that the trajectory would change(but extremely small yet...
  29. M

    Fortran Fortran 90, changing 8 bit stream into a 10 bit one

    Hello, I'm having a bit of trouble converting an 8 bit stream into a 10 bit one. First i create intvalbin8, a Nx8 zero/one array where N is the byte length of the input data: (6198 is the header offset factor) j=1 do while (intvalout(i).gt.0)...
  30. P

    Calculating Energy of an inlet gas stream; 2 conflicting methods

    Homework Statement I want to calculate the energy of an inlet gas stream (I will add heat later but need to know the rate at which energy is coming into the system [J/s]). The fluid is air and I can decompose it into molar flow rates of the constituent gases. I now need to use lookups to...
  31. D

    Mathematica Learn How to Plot Vector and Stream Plots in Mathematica

    $$ \vec{E} = -E\cos\theta\left(1 + \frac{2a^3}{r^3}\right)\hat{e_r} + E\sin\theta\left(1 - \frac{a^3}{r^3}\right)\hat{e_{\theta}}. $$ How can I plot this in Mathematica?
  32. C

    Derivation of pressure differences in a stream.

    Homework Statement I tried to reach the Bernoulli principle this way: Two pipes are connected, one has a cross-sectional area of S_{1} and speed of v_{1}; S_{2} and v_{2} for the other. The pipes are horizontal, the connecting wall between them at the crossing from one pipe to the other is...
  33. E

    A stream of protons and electrons

    A stream of protons and electrons are shot horizontally (from the left edge of the page to the right) with a speed of 1.2 x 10^6 m/s. A magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to this motion (upward, out of the page) with a magnitude of 1.225 T. What is the radius of the curvature and the...
  34. U

    How to calculate the stream function from the potential function?

    Hello, I am struggling to work out a MATLAB program for the numerical calculation of the streamfunction directly from the potentialfunction. I have the latter as a solution of a 2D Laplace equation from the pdetool() and would like to generate contour plots of both the potentialfunction as well...
  35. S

    Vectors - Boat & Stream problem

    Homework Statement A boatman wants to cross a canal that is 3 km wide and wants to land at a point 2 km upstream from his starting point. The current in the canal flows at 3.5 km/h and the speed of his boat is 13 km/h. (a) In what direction should he steer? (b) How long will the trip take...
  36. R

    Magnetic field from stream of protons

    Quick question. With electric current flow thru wire, the "right hand" rule indicates direction and position of the induced magnetic field. With a flow of protons in one direction, would a magnetic field be induced, and would a "left hand" rule be appropriate to describe this magnetic field...
  37. K

    Side Stream Filters - preferential flow through side stream without using a pump

    Hi, I am trying to understand side stream filtration. Iv been finding it really hard to find out anything on preferential flow (multiphase) through a side stream using a valve to create a pressure drop (general info for my understanding) Im trying to do this without the need for a...
  38. R

    Question about Multiple Stream Mixings into Units

    Homework Statement I'm currently doing some thermodynamic analysis. I don't know where to put this question, but here goes: I have a system that has two streams entering a condenser, and one leaving. I don't know mostly anything about two of the streams. One stream I have fully defined...
  39. B

    Make electricity using your backyard stream

    I'm thinking about building a generator for my parents powered by a stream in their backyard. It would be a great way to learn about science. I'm trying to find the relevant equations so that I can estimate how much energy the stream produces. Right now I have this equation: ε = NBAω...
  40. R

    Which engineering stream should I take?

    I'm not sure if this should go in the Careers forum, since that's a lot of my concern, so sorry in advance if this is in the wrong place. I've finished my first year of engineering at McMaster University (in Ontario) and currently have very little idea of which area of engineering to go into...
  41. P

    Bombing a conductor with a stream of electrons

    Hi, I'm new to the forums, and I have a question. Here's the scenario: Let's say I have a circuit in a vacuum chamber with a current i, that flows through it and a constant voltage source and resistance in the circuit. One section of the circuit is a piece of gold (or any other conductor)...
  42. T

    Fisherman saling up stream and drops cork travels back .

    Homework Statement A fisherman is sailing up-stream; when passing under a bridge, he drops a boat-hook in the water. After half an hour he discovers this, turns back, and overtakes the boat-hook 5km below the bridge. What is the speed of the current if the fisherman rows at the same speed up...
  43. V

    Why stream of water sent in upward direction spread like fountain?

    why stream of water blown in upward direction spread like a fountain. I failed to explain it can you please help. -
  44. B

    Kinematics Problem and stream of people

    Homework Statement Figure 2-21 shows a general situation in which a stream of people attempt to escape through an exit door that turns out to be locked. The people move toward the door at speed vs  3.50 m/s, are each d  0.25 m in depth, and are separated by L  1.75 m.The arrangement in...
  45. J

    Current from stream of particles

    Homework Statement An α (Alpha) particle consists of two neutrons and two protons bound together into a single particle with a charge of +2e. We normally measure the kinetic energy of such particles in millions "electron volts" or MeV. (1 eV = 1.6 X 10-19J). Assume a steady stream of α...
  46. R

    Cross section of a stream flowing from a hole

    Homework Statement Consider a cylindrical tank filled with water with 2.5-m depth. The water emerges from a small hole at the center of the bottom, as shown in the figure. The diameter of the hole is 1 mm. The cross-section area of the vertical water stream decreases as it falls. Find the...
  47. K

    Calculating feed rates and recycle stream flow rate

    The demand for a particular hydrogenated compound, S, is 5.00k mol/h. This chemical is synthesized in the gas-phase reaction A + H2 = S. The reaction equilibrium constant at the reactor operating temperature is kp=ps/(pa x ph2)=0.1 atm^-1 the fresh feed to the process is a mixture of...
  48. phinds

    News Question about Al Jazeera (English live stream)

    I very recently started watching Al Jazeera's live English language news feed and I have now been shocked twice. The following is based on a relatively small amount of information/evidence and that is the reason for the question at the end of this. First, I was absolutely amazed to find...
  49. M

    Why Do Stream Tubes Form in Fluid Mechanics?

    I don't understand why stream tubes exist. Stream tube is defined here: http://www.princeton.edu/~asmits/Bicycle_web/streamline.html Why can't you have a stream line starting at a point going one way, and then the stream line at the neighboring point going some orthogonal direction, and thus...
  50. Femme_physics

    Ball caught in a stream of air

    http://img508.imageshack.us/img508/3161/pressure1.jpg Say I put my hand slightly above the middle of this air-flow producing machine that holds the ball up. Where would I "feel" it affecting more force on my hand, on the middle, or on the sides? I'd imagine on the sides, right? Even...
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