Asymptotic behavior of Airy functions in the WKB method

In summary, the WKB method is an approximation technique used for solving differential equations with rapidly varying coefficients. It is based on the assumption that the solution can be expressed as a combination of exponential functions. Airy functions, named after the British astronomer George Biddell Airy, are a set of special functions that arise in the solution of differential equations. In the WKB method, the asymptotic behavior of Airy functions depends on the shape of the potential function in the differential equation. This behavior is significant because it allows for an approximate solution without solving the equation exactly. The WKB method is commonly used in physics and engineering for solving differential equations in fields such as quantum mechanics and electromagnetics, as well as in the study of
  • #1
QuantumDuality
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Homework Statement
Given a potential V(x) that varies slowly, the wkb method proposes an approximation to the solution of the Schrodinger equation for the regions where ##E<V ## and ##E>V##. Due to the form of the approximation, it does not work in the turning points ## (E=V) ##. Near this points, the Airy functions are taken as the solution, and we use the asymptotic behavior of said functions to "put together" the solutions in the different regions. What does it mean to use the asymptotic behavior instead of the function itself?
Relevant Equations
The approximated solution given by the WKB method is:


## \psi = C sin⁡( \frac{1}{\hbar} \int p dx+\delta)## for ## E > V ##


## \psi= \frac{C_+}{\sqrt{|p|}} e^{-\frac{1}{\hbar}∫|p| dx}+\frac{C_-}{\sqrt{|p|}} e^{+\frac{1}{\hbar}∫|p|dx} ## for ## E < V ##


## p(x) = \sqrt{2 m [E - V(x)]} ##


Near the turning point ##x_2 >0## , the potential is approximated to:


## V(x) \approx E + V'(x_2) (x - x_2) => ##


## p(x) \approx \sqrt{-2 m V'(x_2) (x - x_2)} ##


After doing the change of variable:


## y = [\frac{2 m V'(x_2)}{\hbar^2}]^{1/3} (x - x_2)##


The solution to the Schrodinger equation is the Airy's function. If we look at the asymptotic behavior of the Airy's function and chose appropiate constants, to put together the solutions for the different regions, we get a wave function:


## \psi(y) =

\begin{matrix}

\frac{A'}{\sqrt{\pi }|y|^{1/4}} sin(\frac{2}{3} (-y)^{3/2} + \frac{\pi}{4}) & y << 0\\
\frac{A'}{\sqrt{\pi }y^{1/4}} e^{{\frac{2}{3} (-y)^{3/2}}} & y >> 0\\
\end{matrix}

##
If it is the asymptotic behavior of the Airy's function what it's used instead of the function itself: Does it mean that the wkb method is only valid for potentials where the regions where ##E<V## and ##E>V## are "wide"?
 
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  • #2
The WKB method is valid for potentials that have regions where the energy is both less than and greater than the potential. However, it is not necessarily valid for potentials with very narrow regions where the energy is less than the potential, as the asymptotic behavior of the Airy's function does not hold in such cases.
 

1. What is the WKB method?

The WKB method (also known as the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method) is a mathematical technique used to approximate solutions to differential equations, particularly in cases where the solutions exhibit rapid oscillations or decay. It is commonly used in physics and engineering to solve problems related to wave propagation, quantum mechanics, and optics.

2. What are Airy functions?

Airy functions are special functions that arise in the study of differential equations and have applications in various areas of physics and mathematics. They are named after the British astronomer George Airy, who first studied them in the 1830s. These functions have a wide range of applications, including in the study of wave phenomena, quantum mechanics, and fluid dynamics.

3. What is meant by "asymptotic behavior" of Airy functions?

The asymptotic behavior of Airy functions refers to the behavior of these functions as their argument (or input) approaches infinity or some other limiting value. In other words, it describes how the functions behave in the "far-field" or "long-wavelength" limit. This behavior is important in the WKB method, as it allows us to approximate the solutions to differential equations without having to solve them exactly.

4. How are Airy functions used in the WKB method?

In the WKB method, Airy functions are used as a basis for constructing approximate solutions to differential equations. This is because they exhibit the desired asymptotic behavior and can be easily manipulated to fit the boundary conditions of the problem. By using a combination of Airy functions and their derivatives, we can construct a series solution that closely approximates the true solution to the differential equation.

5. What are some limitations of the WKB method when using Airy functions?

While the WKB method is a powerful tool for solving differential equations, it does have some limitations when using Airy functions. One limitation is that it only works well for problems with rapidly oscillating or decaying solutions. Additionally, the method may break down for certain types of boundary conditions or when the solution has multiple turning points. In these cases, other methods may need to be used to obtain an accurate solution.

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