Atoms Of Space, Gravity and the Cosmological Constant

In summary, this Invited Review article presents an approach that connects classical gravity with the quantum microstructure of spacetime. The resulting field equations for gravity remain invariant when a constant is added to the matter Lagrangian, and this constant is identified as the cosmological constant. The value of the cosmological constant is determined by the amount of cosmic information accessible to an eternal observer, providing a way to calculate its numerical value from the quantum structure of spacetime. This idea has been gaining attention among researchers, and this paper by T. Padmanabhan contributes to the growing interest in this explanation of the cosmological constant.
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marcus
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This Invited Review article just came out:
http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08658
The Atoms Of Space, Gravity and the Cosmological Constant
T. Padmanabhan
(Submitted on 29 Mar 2016)
I describe an approach which connects classical gravity with the quantum microstructure of spacetime. The field equations arise from maximizing the density of states of matter plus geometry. The former is identified using the thermodynamics of null surfaces while the latter arises due to the existence of a zero-point length in the spacetime. The resulting field equations remain invariant when a constant is added to the matter Lagrangian, which is a symmetry of the matter sector. Therefore, the cosmological constant arises as an integration constant. A non-zero value Λ of the cosmological constant renders the amount of cosmic information (Ic) accessible to an eternal observer finite and hence is directly related to it. This relation allows us to determine the numerical value of Λ from the quantum structure of spacetime.
Invited Review; 32 pages; 3 figures

==quote==
Substituting this into Eq. (59), we get a remarkable formula for the cosmological constant
...
...
If we take the typical values ρin = (1.2 × 1015 GeV)4 , ρeq = (0.86 eV)4 , we get ρΛ = (2.2 × 10−3 eV)4 which agrees well with observed value! In other words, the idea that the cosmic information content accessible to an eternal observer, Ic, is equal to the basic quantum gravitational unit of information IQG = 4π, determines the numerical value of the cosmological constant correctly. ...
==endquote==
 
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I see that these days people not infrequently present models where the value of the cosmological constant Λ is determined NOT by anything like a matter field "vacuum energy" but rather from some feature of microscopic quantum spacetime geometry.
IOW it is an intrinsic feature of quantum geometry itself---the "atoms of geometry".

It seems to be getting researchers' attention, and they have various ideas about it. This is one. Thanu ("Paddy") Padmanabhan is prominent theoretician.
http://inspirehep.net/author/profile/T.Padmanabhan.1
Number of papers analyzed: 267
Number of citations: 12966
Citations per paper (average): 48.6
Breakdown of papers by times cited:
Renowned papers (500+) 2
Famous papers (250-499) 7
Very well-known papers (100-249) 19
Well-known papers (50-99) 26
Known papers (10-49) 111
Less known papers (1-9) 76

I can only assume this one will contribute to the growing researcher interest in this kind of explanation of the cosmological constant.
which incidentally is easiest to grasp as an asymptotic or baseline percentage distance growth rate.
Currently measured at 1/173 of one percent per million years.
 
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1. What are atoms of space?

Atoms of space, also known as quantum foam, are tiny, constantly fluctuating units of space that make up the fabric of the universe. They are theorized to be the smallest possible units of space and time, and are thought to play a role in the behavior of particles and the fabric of space-time itself.

2. How does gravity work?

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that causes objects with mass to be attracted to one another. It is explained by Einstein's theory of general relativity, which states that mass and energy cause a curvature in the fabric of space-time, and objects with mass follow this curvature, causing them to be pulled towards one another.

3. What is the cosmological constant?

The cosmological constant is a term in Einstein's equations of general relativity that describes the amount of energy density in the vacuum of space. It is often associated with dark energy, which is thought to be responsible for the expansion of the universe.

4. How does the cosmological constant affect the expansion of the universe?

The cosmological constant is thought to play a role in the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. It is believed to be a constant force that counteracts the gravitational pull of matter, causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate over time.

5. How are atoms of space, gravity, and the cosmological constant related?

Atoms of space, gravity, and the cosmological constant are all fundamental components of the universe and are interconnected in various ways. Gravity is responsible for the formation of structures in the universe, while the cosmological constant affects the overall expansion of the universe. Atoms of space play a role in the behavior of particles and the fabric of space-time, influencing the effects of gravity and the cosmological constant.

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