Black Holes: Rotating vs Non-Rotating

In summary: If the star or matter had zero angular momentum, it will become a non-rotating black hole. The No Hair theorem suggests that we can determine the properties of a black hole, such as its mass and spin, through its angular momentum. This means that if a black hole has zero angular momentum, we can only determine its mass and it will have no spin. This has implications for the simplicity of the black hole and the absence of certain features such as the ergosphere and jets. In summary, a Kerr black hole forms from a star or matter with nonzero angular momentum, while a non-rotating Kerr black hole is identical to a Schwarzschild black hole. This means that black holes effectively always rotate, but in theory, it is
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Souhardya Nandi
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I am reading about Kerr black holes and non rotating black holes. But I am unable to understand what decides whether the black hole will not rotate or rotate. And if No Hair theorem suggests, we can know about a black hole through its angular momentum, what implications does zero angular momentum have for a black hole ?
 
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A Kerr black hole forms from a star with nonzero angular momentum, or from a system of stars with nonzero angular momentum.
 
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In the limit of zero angular momentum, the Kerr black hole solution becomes the Schwarzschild black hole solution. In other words a non-rotating Kerr black hole is identical to a Schwarzschild black hole.
 
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Souhardya Nandi said:
I am reading about Kerr black holes and non rotating black holes. But I am unable to understand what decides whether the black hole will not rotate or rotate. And if No Hair theorem suggests, we can know about a black hole through its angular momentum, what implications does zero angular momentum have for a black hole ?
Real black holes effectively always rotate. The chance of a black hole not having any angular momentum is pretty much nil.

That said, as a theoretical construct it's easy to consider a black hole that has no angular momentum. Such black holes are much simpler than spinning black holes, lacking features such as the ergosphere or jets. As phyzguy mentions, these are just Schwarzschild black holes which are defined by a single parameter (their mass parameter).
 
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Angular momentum is conserved, so if the star or matter had some angular momentum before collapsing into a black hole, it will become a rotating black hole.
 

1. What is the main difference between rotating and non-rotating black holes?

The main difference between rotating and non-rotating black holes is the presence of angular momentum. Rotating black holes have a non-zero angular momentum, while non-rotating black holes have zero angular momentum. This leads to significant differences in their properties and behaviors.

2. How does the rotation of a black hole affect its event horizon?

The rotation of a black hole causes its event horizon to become oblate (flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator). This means that the shape of the event horizon is no longer a perfect sphere, but rather an ellipsoid. This is due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation.

3. Is the gravitational pull of a rotating black hole stronger than that of a non-rotating black hole?

Yes, the gravitational pull of a rotating black hole is stronger than that of a non-rotating black hole. This is because the rotation adds to the mass and angular momentum of the black hole, increasing its overall gravitational pull.

4. Can matter and light escape from a rotating black hole?

Yes, matter and light can still escape from a rotating black hole, but it is more difficult compared to a non-rotating black hole. The rotation of the black hole creates a stronger gravitational pull, making it harder for objects to escape from its gravity well. However, some matter and light can still escape through the ergosphere, a region just outside the event horizon.

5. How do black holes rotate?

Black holes rotate due to the conservation of angular momentum. When a star collapses into a black hole, its rotation is also conserved. This means that the angular momentum of the star is transferred to the black hole, causing it to rotate. As the black hole continues to consume matter, its rotation can increase over time.

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