The formula for calculating pH is pH = -log[H+], where [H+] represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
To calculate the pH of a weak acid solution, you will need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where pKa is the acid dissociation constant and [A-] and [HA] represent the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid, respectively.
Ka, or the acid dissociation constant, is a measure of the strength of an acid. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid, while a lower Ka value indicates a weaker acid.
The steps for calculating the pH of a solution using Ka are as follows:
The addition of a strong base, such as NaOH, will increase the pH of a weak acid solution. This is because the strong base will neutralize some of the weak acid, decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions and shifting the equilibrium towards the formation of more conjugate base, resulting in a higher pH.