Can someone explain to me gyroscopic stiffening and softening

In summary, the phenomenon of higher critical speeds for forward whirl and lower critical speeds for backward whirl in a rotor bearing system is due to the gyroscopic effect. This effect causes forward whirl modes to trend upward with rotor speed and backward whirl modes to trend downward. This can result in different strain energy distributions between the shaft and bearings at high speeds.
  • #1
tricha122
20
1
hi,

I’m trying to understand why in a rotor bearing system that the critical speeds of the rotor are higher for forward whirl, and lower for backward whirl.

My general understanding is that forward and backward whirl frequencies diverge due to gyroscopic effects, and for forward whirl the gyroscopic effect is “stiffening” - and so the critical speeds are higher, and the opposite is true for backward whirl.

I’ve never been able to rationalize this with a FBD or by looking at the equations of motion. Does anyone have a good way to visualize / explain this phenomenon?

Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks!
 
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  • #2
tricha122 said:
I’m trying to understand why in a rotor bearing system that the critical speeds of the rotor are higher for forward whirl, and lower for backward whirl.

Why do you think that is true? Provide like to what you have been reading please.
 
  • #3
https://goo.gl/images/ZBfE4J

In a whirl frequency plot, it is always the case that forward whirl modes trend upward with rotor speed, and backward whirl modes trend downward. This is due to the gyroscopic effect. At zero speed these modes coincide / are the same. But at high speed, if there’s significant gyro effects, these modes can even look different and have different strain energy percentages between the shaft and the bearings.
 

1. What is gyroscopic stiffening and softening?

Gyroscopic stiffening and softening is a phenomenon that occurs when an object is rotating and its axis of rotation is tilted or precessing. This causes the object to experience a change in its rotational resistance, making it either stiffer or softer depending on the direction of the tilt or precession.

2. How does gyroscopic stiffening and softening affect the stability of an object?

Gyroscopic stiffening and softening can have a significant impact on the stability of an object. When an object experiences stiffening, it becomes more resistant to external forces, making it more stable. On the other hand, softening can make an object less stable as it becomes more susceptible to external forces.

3. What causes gyroscopic stiffening and softening?

Gyroscopic stiffening and softening is caused by the conservation of angular momentum. When an object is rotating, its angular momentum must be conserved. When the axis of rotation is tilted or precessing, the angular momentum must change, resulting in the object experiencing a change in its rotational resistance.

4. In what applications is gyroscopic stiffening and softening important to consider?

Gyroscopic stiffening and softening have important implications in various fields, including aerospace engineering, robotics, and sports. In aerospace engineering, it is crucial to consider the effects of gyroscopic stiffening and softening on aircraft stability. In robotics, it can affect the control and stability of robotic systems. In sports, it can impact the performance and stability of equipment such as bicycles and motorcycles.

5. Can gyroscopic stiffening and softening be used to our advantage?

Yes, gyroscopic stiffening and softening can be utilized in some applications to our advantage. For example, gyroscopic stabilization is used in gyroscopes and gyroscopic compasses to maintain stability and orientation. In sports, athletes can use the effects of gyroscopic stiffening and softening to their advantage by strategically tilting their bodies to improve their balance and control.

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