Newton's first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Newton's second law relates the force applied to an object to its mass and acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton's laws are used every day in a variety of ways. For example, when driving a car, the first law is demonstrated when the car stays in motion unless the brakes are applied. The second law can be seen when accelerating or decelerating the car. And the third law is evident when the car exerts a force on the ground, causing it to move forward.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion and is related to Newton's first law. Momentum, on the other hand, is a measurement of an object's motion and is related to both its mass and velocity. Inertia is a property of an object, while momentum is a measurement of its motion.
Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. In other words, the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be. And the larger the mass of an object, the smaller its acceleration will be for a given force.
No, Newton's laws are fundamental principles of physics and have been proven to be true through countless experiments and observations. These laws hold true for all objects and situations, unless in extreme conditions such as near the speed of light or at the atomic level where other laws of physics come into play.