Confirming Nuclei Deformation: Theory & Experimental Considerations

In summary, there are various ways to confirm nuclei deformation, such as observing rotational bands and transition strengths. Experimental data on deformed nuclei is readily available, with numerous papers and texts covering the topic. It is not possible to directly equate deformation modulus to Yang Modulus in mechanics, but there are analogues that can provide insight.
  • #1
Dilema
37
1
Literature survey on Nuclei deformation I found theoretical calculations and prediction however I could not find experimental considerations.
1. How nuclei deformation confirmed?
2. Is it possible to consider deformation modulus constant that equivalent to Yang Modulus in mechanics? Are there such estimations? or calculations?
 
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  • #2
Dilema said:
1. How nuclei deformation confirmed?
Let me try a blind shoot: by deformed nuclei you mean nuclei that are not spherically symmetric?
First of all this is a consequence of the appearence of angular momentum.. a spherically symmetric wavefunction is invariant under any kind of rotational transformation...
Secondly, recall from electrodynamics that a deformed shape of charge (nuclei contain protons) give rise to higher order-terms in the multipole expansion... so you can have quadrapole fields etc...

Dilema said:
Is it possible to consider deformation modulus constant that equivalent to Yang Modulus in mechanics?
I don't think you can do it... what is deformed is the probability distribution function... it's not some kind of "box" that can feel stress or anything. Of course you can make analogues but they won't tell you much (I guess).
 
  • #3
Dilema said:
Literature survey on Nuclei deformation I found theoretical calculations and prediction however I could not find experimental considerations.
1. How nuclei deformation confirmed?
2. Is it possible to consider deformation modulus constant that equivalent to Yang Modulus in mechanics? Are there such estimations? or calculations?

Deformation can be observed by the level structure. For example, the existence of a rotational band is evidence of deformation. As an example, check out the ground state band of 154Gd (just chosen randomly as a nice midshell deformed nucleus. This is a screenshot from NNDC http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=64&n=90). The presence of rotational bands are indicative of deformed nuclei.(ETA: Of course there are others, e.g. transition strengths, intruder states, vibrational bands)
Screenshot from 2016-10-20 10:37:04.png


I'm surprised you did not find any experimental work, considering that it is an extremely active field. Here's a (very random) selection of papers that concern experimental data for deformed nuclei. (Some of these are theory papers, but do include experimental data. I've literally just randomly grabbed these from the recent PRC issues and a workshop I was just at. These do not represent a complete coverage of the field in any way)

http://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.021301
http://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.031302
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037015739290095H
http://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1467
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269315009120
http://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.021301
http://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.044307
http://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.044314

I would encourage you to look at chapter 5 of Krane's Introductory Nuclear Physics text. If you don't have a copy of Krane, any introductory nuclear text should cover the basics of deformed nuclei.
 
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1. What is the significance of studying nuclei deformation?

Nuclei deformation is an important topic in nuclear physics because it provides insights into the structure and properties of atomic nuclei. Understanding the deformation of nuclei is crucial for predicting their behavior, such as their stability and reactions with other particles.

2. What is the theoretical framework for confirming nuclei deformation?

The theoretical framework for confirming nuclei deformation is based on the liquid drop model and the shell model. The liquid drop model describes the nucleus as a collection of nucleons (protons and neutrons) held together by the strong nuclear force. The shell model takes into account the energy levels of the nucleons and predicts the stability of different nuclear configurations.

3. How do experimental methods confirm nuclei deformation?

Experimental methods for confirming nuclei deformation include electron scattering, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and nuclear reactions. These methods involve bombarding nuclei with particles or radiation and observing the resulting energy levels and transitions. Changes in these energy levels and transitions can indicate the deformation of the nucleus.

4. What are the limitations of confirming nuclei deformation through experiments?

One limitation of confirming nuclei deformation through experiments is that it is difficult to precisely measure the deformation of individual nuclei. This is because nuclei have different shapes and deformations can vary within the same nucleus. Additionally, experimental results may be influenced by other factors such as nuclear spin and collective motion of nucleons.

5. How does confirming nuclei deformation contribute to our understanding of the universe?

Confirming nuclei deformation contributes to our understanding of the universe by helping us to better understand the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei. This knowledge is important for various applications, such as nuclear energy and astrophysics, as well as for advancing our understanding of the fundamental forces and particles that make up the universe.

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