Did complex animals evolve at deep sea volcanic vents?

In summary: Crabs may be living near deep sea volcanic vents because they are good at dealing with high levels of toxins and high levels of acidity. The vents allow these animals to live in an environment that is not hospitable to most other life.
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JayS0
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We see complex animals such as crabs living near deep sea volcanic vents.
(Reference: https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/hydrothermal-vent-creatures)
This is causing speculation that similar life may be living near deep sea volcanic vents on other world such as Europa.
Did these animals actually evolve at the vents or did they evolve elsewhere, in regions where energy from sunlight was available, and arrive at the deep sea volcanic vents by accident?
If the latter, then there might not be anything more complex than bacteria living at Europa.
 
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JayS0 said:
Did these animals actually evolve at the vents or did they evolve elsewhere, in regions where energy from sunlight was available, and arrive at the deep sea volcanic vents by accident?

My thoughts are that they likely evolved in both places simultaneously. By the time that complex animal life evolved, basically the entire sea was occupied. These already existing species would interact with each other as they all evolved and populations would likely move around over time as they evolve and as the environment changes. So it's unlikely that complex life evolved in one place or the other only and only then, after spending fifty to a hundred million years or more evolving in complexity, moved into or away from the deep sea vents.
 
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There are two kinds of deep sea vents:
  • Vents driven by geothermal heat from hot rock (volcanic) material: hot, "black smokers", water has lots of dissolved metals, rapid water flow, exit through pipe-like structures, redox difference?
  • Vents driven by serpentinization process: gentle warmth, water has lots CO2 and H+, white smokers, slow water flow, exit through small channels and intersticies, redox potential difference between outflow and sea water
Both have been hypothesized as possible sites where life may have originated.

More complex organisms (I would guess) undertook much of their evolution elsewhere, but then evolved to deal with the particular environment of the vent in the vent environment.
 
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1. How did scientists first discover that complex animals evolved at deep sea volcanic vents?

Scientists first discovered evidence of complex animals at deep sea volcanic vents in the late 1970s and early 1980s. They used deep-sea submersibles to explore these environments and observed a variety of unique and previously unknown species living around the vents. This discovery challenged the long-held belief that life could not exist in such extreme conditions, and sparked further research into the evolution of these organisms.

2. What conditions at deep sea volcanic vents make them suitable for the evolution of complex animals?

The conditions at deep sea volcanic vents include high temperatures, high pressure, and toxic chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide. These conditions are thought to mimic those present on Earth billions of years ago, when life first evolved. The vents also provide a constant source of energy and nutrients, creating a unique and stable ecosystem for organisms to evolve and thrive.

3. How did complex animals adapt to survive in the extreme conditions of deep sea volcanic vents?

One of the key adaptations of animals living at deep sea volcanic vents is their ability to withstand high temperatures and toxic chemicals. Many species have specialized respiratory and circulatory systems that allow them to survive in these harsh environments. Some species also have symbiotic relationships with bacteria that can convert toxic chemicals into energy. These adaptations have allowed complex animals to thrive in an environment that was once thought to be uninhabitable.

4. Are there any examples of complex animals that have evolved solely at deep sea volcanic vents?

Yes, there are several examples of complex animals that have evolved solely at deep sea volcanic vents. These include species of tubeworms, clams, and crabs that are found nowhere else on Earth. These animals have adapted to the unique conditions of the vents and have evolved in isolation from other ecosystems, leading to their distinct characteristics and behaviors.

5. Could complex animals have also evolved at other extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents on land?

While there is not as much research on this topic, it is possible that complex animals could have also evolved at other extreme environments, including hydrothermal vents on land. These environments also provide a source of energy and nutrients, and may have similar conditions to deep sea volcanic vents. However, more research is needed to fully understand the evolution of complex animals in these environments.

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