Does electronegativity affect rate of entropy increase?

In summary, the conversation discusses the properties of two samples each of pure Helium-4 and hydrogen fluoride in separate containers at different temperatures and pressures. Due to differences in electronegativity, the H-F bond is highly polarized while the helium atoms have temporary dipole induced forces. When the containers are linked together, the system will evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium. The main question is whether the difference in forces of attraction due to electronegativity affects the rate of increase of entropy in an isolated system. It is suggested that convection will dominate heat transfer, with the lighter helium atoms transferring heat faster. The larger heat capacitance of HF may slow down the process as more energy needs to be transferred. The details of collisions are also
  • #1
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Let's say we have two samples of pure Helium-4, and two other samples of pure hydrogen fluoride (consisting of Hydrogen-1 and Fluorine-19) all in separate containers. One container of each chemical is at the same initial temperature of 200°C at a pressure of 101kPa, and the other ones are at 500°C and at the same pressure (i.e. one Helium container at 200 degrees and the other helium container at 500 degrees, and the same thing for HF). Because of the difference between the electronegative values of hydrogen and fluorine, the H-F bond will be highly polarized, whereas the monoatomic He atoms will just have temporary dipole induced forces of attraction. Now let's say that the two containers of the corresponding chemicals are then linked together. Clearly, there is no equilibrium now (transfer of heat is possible because of temperature differences), and assuming that the containers which are joined together are completely isolated from their surroundings, each chemical system will evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium. My main question is, will the difference in electronegative values which induce forces of attraction of different strengths among the particles affect the rate of increase of entropy of an isolated system? Will the Helium-Helium mixture reach maximum entropy (or rather tend to it) faster than the HF - HF mixture? If I used chlorine-35 instead of Helium-4, what difference would it make?

I'd prefer a stand alone qualitative description along with a separate mathematical treatment, if possible. Thanks for reading!
 
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  • #2
Convection will dominate the heat transfer if the system is not too small, but that should be very similar for both gases.
The helium atoms are lighter and therefore faster, which should speed up heat transfer.
HF has a larger heat capacitance as it has more degrees of freedom than the single helium atoms, so more energy has to be transferred which should slow down the process for HF.

Details of the collisions of the molecules/atoms might be relevant at higher orders, but there are massive differences that are irrelevant of electronegativity.
 

1. How does electronegativity affect the rate of entropy increase?

The electronegativity of a substance affects the rate of entropy increase by determining the strength of intermolecular forces. Higher electronegativity leads to stronger intermolecular forces, which can slow down the movement of molecules and decrease the rate of entropy increase.

2. Can electronegativity affect the rate of entropy increase in all substances?

Yes, electronegativity can affect the rate of entropy increase in all substances. However, the extent of its impact may vary depending on the type of substance and its molecular structure.

3. How does the electronegativity of different elements compare in terms of their effect on the rate of entropy increase?

The electronegativity of different elements can vary significantly, and their effect on the rate of entropy increase can also differ. Generally, elements with higher electronegativity will have a greater impact on the rate of entropy increase.

4. Is there a direct relationship between electronegativity and the rate of entropy increase?

There is no direct relationship between electronegativity and the rate of entropy increase. Other factors, such as temperature and pressure, also play a significant role in determining the rate of entropy increase in a substance.

5. How can the effect of electronegativity on the rate of entropy increase be observed in a laboratory setting?

In a laboratory setting, the effect of electronegativity on the rate of entropy increase can be observed by conducting experiments and analyzing data. For example, comparing the rate of entropy increase in substances with different electronegativities at the same temperature and pressure can show the impact of electronegativity on the rate of entropy increase.

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