Dust in special relativity - conservation of particle number

In summary, the conversation discusses the conservation equation for the number of dust particles, expressed as the divergence of the product of the number density and four-velocity. The conversation also mentions the use of Christoffel symbols in the covariant derivative of the four-velocity and questions the validity of this term being zero in general.
  • #1
Pentaquark5
17
2

Homework Statement


My textbook states:
Since the number of particles of dust is conserved we also have the conservation equation

$$\nabla_\mu (\rho u^\mu)=0$$

Where ##\rho=nm=N/(\mathrm{d}x \cdot \mathrm{d}y \cdot \mathrm{d}z) m## is the mass per infinitesimal volume and ## (u^\mu) ## is the four velocity of the dust particles.

Homework Equations



$$ \nabla_\mu A^\nu=\partial_\mu A^\nu+\Gamma^\nu_{\;\; \mu \gamma} A^\gamma $$

The Attempt at a Solution


$$\nabla_\mu (\rho u^\mu)= \underbrace{m \partial_\mu n u^\mu}_{=0} + m n \underbrace{\partial_\mu u^\mu}_{=0}+\Gamma^\mu_{\;\;\mu \gamma} mnu^\gamma$$

Where the first underbrace is zero since the divergence of the particle number is zero, and the second underbrace is zero due to the partial derivative of the velocity.

I don't understand why the last term should be zero, however?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
Just an ignorant guess: Isn't ## \nabla_\mu u^\mu=0## rather than ## \partial_\mu u^\mu##?
 
  • #3
DrDu said:
Just an ignorant guess: Isn't ## \nabla_\mu u^\mu=0## rather than ## \partial_\mu u^\mu##?

The Christoffel symbols vanish in Minkowski space, so this would hold for flat spacetime. Unfortunately, I need the more general form where the Christoffel symbols are non-zero.
Thus, I do not believe the covariant derivative of the four velocity is generally zero, no?
 
  • #4
Even in flat spacetime, you can have non-vanishing Christoffel symbols.
 
  • #5
DrDu said:
Even in flat spacetime, you can have non-vanishing Christoffel symbols.
Right. My bad.

But do you see any argument as to why the identity above should be generally zero, then?
 

1. What is dust in special relativity?

Dust in special relativity refers to a hypothetical collection of particles that are moving at constant speeds and do not interact with each other or with any external fields. This simplifies the equations used to describe their motion and allows for the conservation of particle number.

2. How does special relativity conserve particle number?

In special relativity, the total number of particles in a dust cloud does not change as it moves through space and time. This is because the particles are moving at constant speeds and do not interact with each other, so there is no exchange or creation of particles within the cloud.

3. What is the significance of conserving particle number in special relativity?

The conservation of particle number in special relativity allows for a more accurate and simplified description of the motion and behavior of dust clouds. It also helps to maintain the fundamental principle of mass-energy conservation in the theory of relativity.

4. Can particle number still be conserved in special relativity if the particles interact with each other?

No, if the particles in a dust cloud interact with each other, then the conservation of particle number is no longer valid. This is because the particles can exchange energy and momentum with each other, leading to changes in the number of particles in the cloud.

5. How does the concept of dust in special relativity relate to real-world particles?

Dust in special relativity is a simplified concept used in theoretical physics to understand the behavior of particles in certain scenarios. It is not directly applicable to real-world particles, which often interact with each other and with external fields. However, the concept of conservation of particle number is still relevant in understanding the behavior of particles in our universe.

Similar threads

Replies
1
Views
1K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
864
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • Special and General Relativity
2
Replies
62
Views
3K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • Special and General Relativity
Replies
15
Views
1K
Back
Top