Efficiency of Heat Engines & Refrigerators: Is Impossible Possible?

In summary, the efficiency of a heat engine or refrigerator is typically measured using the Carnot efficiency formula, which compares the work output to the heat input. It is not possible for these systems to have 100% efficiency due to the laws of thermodynamics. However, their efficiency can be improved through various methods, but it will never reach 100%. The efficiency of a heat engine is typically lower than that of a refrigerator, and it is not possible for these systems to achieve an impossible efficiency because of the laws of thermodynamics.
  • #1
EngineeringStudent
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Homework Statement
An entrepreneur approaches you with an investment opportunity. This person has developed a new type of heat engine – refrigerator combination in which the net power output of the engine is used to drive the refrigerator. The heat engine, supplied with heat at the rate of Q(dot)_H= 1.75 kW from a reservoir at 727 °C, delivers W(dot) = 1 kW of mechanical work while rejecting heat to a sink at 60 °C.

The refrigeration unit has a cooling capacity Q(dot)_L = 3.5 kW and operates between a refrigerated region at – 20 °C and a high temperature heat sink at 90 °C.

Should you invest in this venture? Show appropriate calculations related to the laws of thermodynamics to justify your decision.
Relevant Equations
For the heat engine:
η_max=1-T_L/T_H
η_claim = W(dot)_out/Q(dot)_in

For the refrigerator:
COP_max=T_c/T_H-T_c
COP_claim=Q_c/w_in
For the heat engine:
First I converted all the temperatures to Kelvin,

ηmax=1-(333)/(1000)=0.667

ηclaim=(1*10^3)/(1.75*10^3)=0.5714

So the heat engine seems to be less efficient than a Carnot heat engine which means it can exist.

For the refrigerator:

COPmax=(253)/(363-253)=2.3

COPclaim=(3.5*10^3)/(1*10^3)=3.5

The refrigerators COP is greater than the theoretical maximum.

So does my work look all right?
I believe this system is impossible.
 
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  • #2
The refrigeration section cannot deliver more work than the input work it receives from the engine to which is mechanically connected.
 

1. What is the efficiency of a heat engine?

The efficiency of a heat engine is the ratio of the work output to the heat input. It is typically expressed as a percentage and can range from 0% (no work output) to 100% (all heat input converted to work).

2. How is the efficiency of a heat engine calculated?

The efficiency of a heat engine is calculated using the formula: efficiency = (work output / heat input) x 100%. This formula takes into account the amount of work produced by the engine and the amount of heat it takes in.

3. What factors affect the efficiency of a heat engine?

The efficiency of a heat engine is affected by several factors, including the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, the type of working fluid used, and the design and construction of the engine.

4. Can the efficiency of a heat engine be greater than 100%?

No, the efficiency of a heat engine cannot be greater than 100%. This would violate the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which state that energy cannot be created or destroyed and that heat will always flow from hot to cold.

5. How does the efficiency of a refrigerator compare to that of a heat engine?

The efficiency of a refrigerator is typically lower than that of a heat engine. This is because a refrigerator's primary function is to transfer heat from a colder region to a hotter region, which requires work input. In contrast, a heat engine converts heat into work, which is a more efficient process.

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