Energy of a particle near a potential well

In summary, during a Quantum Mechanics class, a student asked about the possibility of a particle entering a region with a negative energy just before a potential well. The TA explained that while the energy could be negative, it cannot be less than the bottom of the potential well. The student then wondered about the situation with a potential barrier, and the TA confirmed that a particle with energy lower than the potential well would have an exponentially decaying wave function within the well. However, the wave function must be normalizable, and attempting to write a function with energy less than the minimum of the potential results in an unnormalizable exponential function.
  • #1
Urmi Roy
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Hi All,

During our Quantum Mechanics class one of the students asked if it was possible for a particle to enter a region (just before a potential well) with a negative energy. The TA said that the energy could be negative, but if the potential well has it's bottom at -U (where U is some positive number), the particle's energy can't be less than that.

I'm wondering however, in reference to the situation with a potential barrier, since a particle with energy E>U' (where U' is the energy of potential barrier) has an exponentially decaying wave function inside the barrier, the particle with energy lower than the potential well would similarly have an exponentially decaying wave function in the well.

Does this sound correct?

Thanks!
-Urmi
 
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  • #2
Urmi Roy said:
I'm wondering however, in reference to the situation with a potential barrier, since a particle with energy E>U' (where U' is the energy of potential barrier) has an exponentially decaying wave function inside the barrier, the particle with energy lower than the potential well would similarly have an exponentially decaying wave function in the well.

Does this sound correct?

Sure. The problem is that the wave function has to be normalizable. If you try to write down a wave function with energy less than the minimum of the potential, it looks like an exponential everywhere, and you will find that such a function is not normalizable.
 
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  • #3
Thanks, that makes sense :-)
 

1. What is a potential well?

A potential well is a region in space where the potential energy of a particle is lower than its surrounding areas. This can be visualized as a "well" in a graph of potential energy versus position.

2. How is the energy of a particle near a potential well calculated?

The energy of a particle near a potential well is calculated using the Schrödinger equation, which takes into account the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the particle.

3. What is the significance of the energy of a particle near a potential well?

The energy of a particle near a potential well determines the behavior of the particle within the well. A higher energy particle will have a greater chance of escaping the well, while a lower energy particle will tend to stay within the well.

4. What factors affect the energy of a particle near a potential well?

The energy of a particle near a potential well is affected by the shape and depth of the potential well, as well as the mass of the particle and the value of Planck's constant.

5. How does the energy of a particle near a potential well relate to quantum mechanics?

The energy of a particle near a potential well is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, as it helps explain the behavior of subatomic particles at the atomic and subatomic level. It demonstrates the wave-like nature of particles and the probabilistic nature of their behavior.

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