Exploring the Mysteries of Laser Physics

[whiteknight]

Hi! I am currently self-learning laser right now, and I have some questions about it..

1. We know that water moves from higher to lower altitude, air moves from higher to lower pressure, electrons move from higher to lower potential. What about photons? Where would it go?

2. Why would only certain discrete frequencies/wavelengths are allowed in a laser cavity? Any analogy?

3. I still can't understand how would many modes can exist in a laser at the same time. Any analogy?

4. How exactly AM modulator (in laser mode-locking) works? The thing that i can't digest is that if you have, say, an electric signal of phase ^v (please it's a full cycle sin function) which goes to the modulator, and and at the same time other modes which is a \/ (cos function), and both enter a modulator, and also other modes like just ^ or v (half cycle..is it even possible?), how and what the modulator does to make all the output are the same ^v ? How can the modulator is so smart to know when to shape what, what to shape what, and how to shape what? I mean, the electric signal of the modulator is fixed, right?
*I think its math is the most complicated functions i have ever seen..:(

Thank you for the answer! I actually still have many but i am afraid nobody answers if it is too many..

 

[Delphi51]

1. I can't think of an answer! I see no limit on the direction a photon may go.
2. This must be related to the laser characteristic that all the waves are synchronized in phase and reflect from the mirrors. How can a wave reflect twice, travel twice the cavity length and emerge in phase a whole number of wavelengths behind the waves that emerged on the previous pass?

 

[davenn]

NOTE: your questions don't reflect the intermediate tag you have given this thread
what is your education level ?

1. We know that water moves from higher to lower altitude, air moves from higher to lower pressure, electrons move from higher to lower potential. What about photons? Where would it go?

photons are the quantum packets of energy (energy carriers) of an electromagnetic field
one of their sources is when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy state

2. Why would only certain discrete frequencies/wavelengths are allowed in a laser cavity? Any analogy?

the frequency/wavelength is related to the oscillation frequency within the cavity

How can the modulator is so smart to know when to shape what, what to shape what, and how to shape what? I mean, the electric signal of the modulator is fixed, right?

I cannot even begin to make sense of that statement ??Dave