How can voltage drop be zero if E-field isn't?

In summary, an ideal conductor in a circuit has a voltage drop of zero, which may seem contradictory to the basic definition of voltage. However, this is due to the fact that the electric field inside a conductor only vanishes in static conditions, but in an electric circuit, it serves as the driving force for the current. In an ideal conductor, a perpetual current can flow without any need for an external force, as there is no friction. This is observed in superconductors, where currents can persist for a long time.
  • #1
greypilgrim
515
36
Hi.
I learned that in an ideal conductor in a circuit, the voltage drop is zero. But how does this agree with the basic definition of voltage
$$U_{AB}=\int_A^B \vec{E}\cdot d\vec{s}\enspace ?$$
The electric field inside a conductor only vanishes in static conditions, but in an electric circuit, it makes up the driving force of the current and is obviously nonzero.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
  • Like
Likes Dale

1. How is it possible for voltage drop to be zero if there is an electric field present?

Electric potential difference, or voltage drop, is directly proportional to the strength of the electric field. If the electric field is zero, there will be no change in potential energy and therefore no voltage drop.

2. Can voltage drop be zero in a circuit with a non-zero electric field?

Yes, it is possible for voltage drop to be zero in a circuit with a non-zero electric field. This can occur if the electric field is uniform and there is no change in distance or potential energy between the two points being measured.

3. What factors contribute to a zero voltage drop in a circuit?

The main factor that contributes to a zero voltage drop in a circuit is a uniform electric field, meaning that the electric field strength is the same at all points. Other factors can include the distance between the points being measured, the presence of a conducting material, and the absence of any potential sources.

4. How does the concept of voltage drop relate to Ohm's law?

According to Ohm's law, the voltage drop across a resistor is equal to the product of the current through it and its resistance. This means that in a circuit with a non-zero electric field, the voltage drop will be directly proportional to the electric field strength and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

5. What are some practical applications of a zero voltage drop in a circuit?

A zero voltage drop can be useful in certain circuit designs, such as in voltage dividers or in electronic sensors. It can also be used in applications where a precise and constant voltage is required, as any change in the electric field will result in a change in voltage drop. In addition, a zero voltage drop can help to reduce power loss in a circuit.

Similar threads

  • Electromagnetism
Replies
4
Views
985
Replies
7
Views
1K
Replies
4
Views
1K
Replies
14
Views
1K
Replies
2
Views
2K
Replies
64
Views
3K
  • Electromagnetism
Replies
3
Views
6K
  • Electromagnetism
2
Replies
51
Views
6K
Replies
4
Views
2K
Replies
4
Views
1K
Back
Top