The key to the balance of a unicycle or single wheel motorcycle is the rider's ability to control the center of gravity. By shifting their weight and using their legs to pedal or steer, the rider can keep the center of gravity directly above the wheel, preventing it from tipping over.
A unicycle or single wheel motorcycle uses a gyroscope effect to maintain its balance. As the wheel spins, it creates angular momentum, which resists any changes to its orientation. This allows the rider to make slight adjustments in their position to keep the wheel balanced.
To turn a unicycle or single wheel motorcycle, the rider must lean their body in the direction they want to go. This shifts the center of gravity, causing the wheel to turn. The rider can also use their legs to pedal in a circular motion to help steer the wheel.
Most unicycles and single wheel motorcycles do not have traditional brakes. Instead, the rider can slow down or stop by leaning back and using their legs to resist the motion of the wheel. Some models may have a handbrake for added control.
Learning to ride a unicycle or single wheel motorcycle takes practice and patience. It requires a good sense of balance and coordination. However, with proper instruction and practice, most people can learn to ride one successfully.