How is the viscosity of a plasma produced?

[JF001]

TL;DR Summary

I'm interested in knowing more about instabilities within plasma. Is the viscosity of plasma produced by thermal, magnetic, or gravitational effects (or even something else)?

Summary: I'm interested in knowing more about instabilities within plasma. Is the viscosity of plasma produced by thermal, magnetic, or gravitational effects (or even something else)?

I had the opportunity to talk with multiple Ph.D. students during the summer and was especially interested in the work one did regarding plasma turbulence. I'd like to know more about the viscosity of plasma and maybe get a simple explanation on how we currently deal with the deviation of particles alongside magnetic flux in tokamaks.

I'd also like to apologize for the lack of details or even for possible physics errors.
Thank you in advance!

 

[LightHero]

The viscosity of plasma is caused by a combination of thermal, magnetic, and gravitational effects. Thermal effects arise from the random motion of particles due to collisions between them and other particles, as well as with the boundaries of the plasma. Magnetic effects arise from the interaction of the particles with the background magnetic field, which induces a force on the particles and influences their motion. Gravitational effects arise from the attraction of particles to each other due to gravity. In addition, plasma instabilities can also arise from collective effects, which involve the interaction of numerous particles and induce fluctuations in the plasma that can lead to turbulence. These instabilities can be studied using numerical simulations and theoretical models. In tokamaks, the deviation of particles and magnetic flux can be addressed by using a control system to limit the amount of plasma instability.