I Separation angle between pulsars detecting Gravitational Waves

AI Thread Summary
The Hellings and Downs curve illustrates how the separation angle between pulsars influences the correlation of gravitational waves they detect. This angle is crucial for determining whether the waves interfere constructively or destructively, a concept that may seem counterintuitive without considering the geometry of gravitational waveforms. Distance from the observer does not significantly impact this correlation, as the angle remains the primary variable. Visualizing gravitational waveforms in 3D can aid in understanding these interactions better. The discussion emphasizes the importance of angular separation in gravitational wave detection.
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How can separation angle alone tell you about the correlation between gravitational wave signals from pulsar timing?
I’m trying to understand the Hellings and Downs curve that is being used to argue for the existence of a gravitational wave background ([NANOGrav article][1]). How can it be that the angle between two pulsars is the only variable that determines if the gravitational waves will interfere constructively (correlated) or destructively (anti-correlated). I would have imagined that distance from the observer would also be a factor.

(Image source: https://astrobites.org/2016/08/10/the-predictor-of-pulsar-timing/)
3EFC2F01-19E9-4450-9E02-914871009C04.png


I imagine that a key part of understanding this concept would be visualising the gravitational waveforms in 3D. Should I be picturing something like this? [youtube video with gravitational wave animations][2]


[1]: https://nanograv.org/15yr/Summary/Background
[2]:
[3]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/w3DSd.png
 
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