- #1
lanew
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Hello All,
I'm currently in the process of designing a numerical model for a vertical axis wind turbine, more specifically, a straight blade giromill. I'm currently having trouble because depending on the variables I choose, I can produce more power than available from the wind.
My Calculations are based off the following diagrams:
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/851/selection002y.png/
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/31/selection003r.png/
I can post the code (MATLAB), but I'm sure no one wants to sift through that, but here's my design methodology:
User Defined Variables:
Airfoil (NACA00XX)
Wind Speed, [itex]U[/itex]
Tip Speed Ratio, [itex]\lambda[/itex]
Chord, [itex]c[/itex]
Radius, [itex]R[/itex]
Number of Blades, [itex]N[/itex]
Change in Azimuthal Position, [itex]d\theta[/itex]
Swept Area, [itex]A[/itex]
From these variables, I have a loop that iterates [itex]\theta[/itex], the azimuthal position, and calculated the following variables each time:
Chord Velocity
[itex]V_c=U(\lambda+\cos(\theta)[/itex]
Normal Velocity
[itex]V_n=U\sin(\theta)[/itex]
Angle of Attack
[itex]\alpha=\arctan\left(\frac{V_n}{V_c}\right)[/itex]
Relative Wind Speed
[itex]W=\sqrt{V_c^2+V_n^2}[/itex]
Coefficient of Lift and Drag
Calculated using XFoil
Tangential Force Coefficient
[itex]C_t=C_l\sin(\alpha)-C_d\cos(\alpha)[/itex]
Normal Force Coefficient
[itex]C_n=C_l\cos(\alpha)+C_d\sin(\alpha)[/itex]
Tangential Force
[itex]F_t=\frac{C_t \rho c h W^2}{2}[/itex]
Normal Force
[itex]F_n=\frac{C_n \rho c h W^2}{2}[/itex]
As I said, the above variables are calculated for every [itex]\theta_i[/itex]. Once the loop is finished, the following variables are calculated:
Average Tangential Force
[itex]\bar{F}_t=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{i=0}^{2\pi} F_t(\theta) \mathrm{d}\theta[/itex]
Numerical Approximation
[itex]\bar{F}_t=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n F_t[/itex]
Total Torque
[itex]T=N\bar{F}_tR[/itex]
Total Power
[itex]P=T\omega[/itex]
I have checked the numbers individually, and my [itex]\alpha[/itex]'s range from [itex]0-13^{\circ}[/itex], [itex]C_l[/itex] and [itex]C_d[/itex] range from [itex]-1.8-1.8[/itex], [itex]C_t[/itex] from [itex]0-0.34[/itex], and [itex]C_n[/itex] from [itex]0-1.22[/itex].
For some reason, if I choose parameters such as:
NACA0015
[itex]U=4.5\,m/s[/itex]
[itex]\lambda=5[/itex]
[itex]c=0.5\,m[/itex]
[itex]R=1.0\,m[/itex]
[itex]h=10\,m[/itex]
[itex]N=3[/itex]
I get a power output of:
[itex]P=10\,kW[/itex]
However, I don't believe I should be getting more than:
[itex]P_{max}=\frac{\rho AU^3}{2}[/itex]
Can someone please help me? I'm pulling my hair out here. If the code would actually help, let me know and I can try and post it.
Thanks So Much.
I'm currently in the process of designing a numerical model for a vertical axis wind turbine, more specifically, a straight blade giromill. I'm currently having trouble because depending on the variables I choose, I can produce more power than available from the wind.
My Calculations are based off the following diagrams:
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/851/selection002y.png/
http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/31/selection003r.png/
I can post the code (MATLAB), but I'm sure no one wants to sift through that, but here's my design methodology:
User Defined Variables:
Airfoil (NACA00XX)
Wind Speed, [itex]U[/itex]
Tip Speed Ratio, [itex]\lambda[/itex]
Chord, [itex]c[/itex]
Radius, [itex]R[/itex]
Number of Blades, [itex]N[/itex]
Change in Azimuthal Position, [itex]d\theta[/itex]
Swept Area, [itex]A[/itex]
From these variables, I have a loop that iterates [itex]\theta[/itex], the azimuthal position, and calculated the following variables each time:
Chord Velocity
[itex]V_c=U(\lambda+\cos(\theta)[/itex]
Normal Velocity
[itex]V_n=U\sin(\theta)[/itex]
Angle of Attack
[itex]\alpha=\arctan\left(\frac{V_n}{V_c}\right)[/itex]
Relative Wind Speed
[itex]W=\sqrt{V_c^2+V_n^2}[/itex]
Coefficient of Lift and Drag
Calculated using XFoil
Tangential Force Coefficient
[itex]C_t=C_l\sin(\alpha)-C_d\cos(\alpha)[/itex]
Normal Force Coefficient
[itex]C_n=C_l\cos(\alpha)+C_d\sin(\alpha)[/itex]
Tangential Force
[itex]F_t=\frac{C_t \rho c h W^2}{2}[/itex]
Normal Force
[itex]F_n=\frac{C_n \rho c h W^2}{2}[/itex]
As I said, the above variables are calculated for every [itex]\theta_i[/itex]. Once the loop is finished, the following variables are calculated:
Average Tangential Force
[itex]\bar{F}_t=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{i=0}^{2\pi} F_t(\theta) \mathrm{d}\theta[/itex]
Numerical Approximation
[itex]\bar{F}_t=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n F_t[/itex]
Total Torque
[itex]T=N\bar{F}_tR[/itex]
Total Power
[itex]P=T\omega[/itex]
I have checked the numbers individually, and my [itex]\alpha[/itex]'s range from [itex]0-13^{\circ}[/itex], [itex]C_l[/itex] and [itex]C_d[/itex] range from [itex]-1.8-1.8[/itex], [itex]C_t[/itex] from [itex]0-0.34[/itex], and [itex]C_n[/itex] from [itex]0-1.22[/itex].
For some reason, if I choose parameters such as:
NACA0015
[itex]U=4.5\,m/s[/itex]
[itex]\lambda=5[/itex]
[itex]c=0.5\,m[/itex]
[itex]R=1.0\,m[/itex]
[itex]h=10\,m[/itex]
[itex]N=3[/itex]
I get a power output of:
[itex]P=10\,kW[/itex]
However, I don't believe I should be getting more than:
[itex]P_{max}=\frac{\rho AU^3}{2}[/itex]
Can someone please help me? I'm pulling my hair out here. If the code would actually help, let me know and I can try and post it.
Thanks So Much.