What are the recommended tests for comparing two sets of data?

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In summary: The Chi-Squared goodness of fit test is well suited for that.The Chi-Squared goodness of fit test is well suited for that.In summary, the Chi-squared goodness of fit test is a general way of determining how well data fits a model. It requires that the data be combined into categories. The linear regression test is a specific way of determining how well data fits a model that requires that the model of the variable of interest is a linear function of the other variables.
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So I have two columns of data, One containing experimental values and the other having expected values. So I read that chi-squared test and Anova Tests can be used to compare two set of data. My main aim is to quantitatively know how different these two sets of data are, so are these two tests enough or is there any other tests that you would suggest?
 
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The standard measure of distance would be the sum of square residuals. However, I am not sure what you are asking has real meaning as stated.

As I understand your statement, you don’t have two sets of data, you have one set of data and a model. Any set of data can plausibly come from any model given sufficiently uncertain measurements. So just asking about the sum of square residuals doesn’t say much.

If your model has any free parameters then you can meaningfully ask which parameters minimize the residuals. Or if you have two competing models you can ask which model minimizes the residuals. Or if you can predict the expected uncertainty in your measurements, then you can determine how likely the data is under the model.
 
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Asking "how different" your data is from the expected values of a model is a vague question.
Are you asking how likely (probability) such data might fit the model like that (or worse)? The Chi-squared goodness of fit test is well suited for that.
Are you asking for some numerical measure of how great the differences are? The sum-squared-errors total is well suited for that.
 
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Dale said:
The standard measure of distance would be the sum of square residuals. However, I am not sure what you are asking has real meaning as stated.

As I understand your statement, you don’t have two sets of data, you have one set of data and a model. Any set of data can plausibly come from any model given sufficiently uncertain measurements. So just asking about the sum of square residuals doesn’t say much.

If your model has any free parameters then you can meaningfully ask which parameters minimize the residuals. Or if you have two competing models you can ask which model minimizes the residuals. Or if you can predict the expected uncertainty in your measurements, then you can determine how likely the data is under the model.
ok sorry for not being clear. I have two sets of data. One column contains Observed or experimental focal length of a lens at different heights from the axis. The Other column contains the expected or theoretical value of focal length. so yeah I want to quantitatively know different these two sets of data are given the uncertainty and errors in the observed data
 
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VVS2000 said:
The Other column contains the expected or theoretical value of focal length
Does this column have uncertainty associated with it?
 
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Dale said:
Does this column have uncertainty associated with it?
yes, but all values have the same uncertainty
 
  • #7
Two possibilities are Chi-Squared goodness of fit, and linear regression. The first one is very general. It requires that the data be combined into categories. The second one requires that the model of the variable of interest is a linear function of the other variables.
 

1. What is the purpose of using different testing techniques?

The purpose of using different testing techniques is to ensure the quality and functionality of a product or system. By using a variety of techniques, it allows for a more thorough and comprehensive evaluation of the product, helping to identify and address any potential issues or defects.

2. What are some examples of different testing techniques?

Some examples of different testing techniques include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, and acceptance testing. Other techniques may include exploratory testing, usability testing, and performance testing.

3. How do different testing techniques differ from one another?

Different testing techniques differ in their scope, purpose, and level of detail. For example, unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of a system, while system testing evaluates the entire system as a whole. Additionally, some techniques may be automated, while others may require manual testing.

4. How do I determine which testing technique to use?

The testing technique(s) chosen will depend on various factors such as the type of product or system being tested, the level of risk involved, and the resources available. It is important to carefully consider these factors and choose the most appropriate technique(s) for the specific testing needs.

5. What are the benefits of using multiple testing techniques?

Using multiple testing techniques allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the product, helping to identify and address any potential issues or defects. It also provides a more well-rounded view of the product's quality and functionality, increasing confidence in its performance. Additionally, using multiple techniques can help catch any issues that may have been missed by using only one technique.

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