Understanding prime number distribution can enhance integer factorization by providing insights into algorithm efficiency and reliability. While it may not directly aid in the factorization process, it can help establish the effectiveness of certain algorithms, ensuring they work consistently rather than sporadically. Additionally, knowledge of prime distribution can lead to improved bounds on algorithm runtime, potentially optimizing performance. This relationship highlights the importance of prime numbers in computational number theory. Overall, prime distribution plays a crucial role in refining factorization techniques and algorithm development.