I've found if you plug in e^x the series gives you e^x-1, and by definition integral of e^x is e^x+C, so the derivative of e^x-1 is still e^x. But the series is not great for calculating definite integral, the results will be false. It works for some functions though.
Thank you for your answer! It's good to read the opinion of someone who is more educated than myself. For now I'm just an enthusiast who enjoys experimenting with maths :)
For example integral of f(x)=sqrt(1-x^2) from 0 to 1 is a problem, since the derivative of the function is -x/sqrt(1-x^2) so putting in 1 in the place of x ruins the whole thing.