Almost every sodium ion will have an anion not too far away, so electrostatic repulsion won't be much of a force.
Diffusion can be analyzed in several ways, all of them inter-related. As chemist, I'm accustomed to the Second Law explanation: free energy tends to decrease, and entropy tends...
Do you have any references? What you "doubt" is not helpful.
Props to Bandersnatch for answering the question.
A binary will look like that when one star is large enough to fill its Roche lobe, and starts transferring mass to the other star.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_lobe
Orbits around the Lagrange point are not stable, and you need to tweak your trajectory every now and then to remain in that orbit. Simulations of a non-accelerated body give spectacularly weird results:
When the propellant runs out, is this what the JWST will do?
I routinely block channels that offer garbage content. There is a bit of a whack-a-mole problem, but it does keep things my "recommended" videos column relatively sane.
Fun fact: not all colors are found in the rainbow. There's no magenta, and no cyan. Which proves that "color" isn't just a function of wavelength - it's the end result of our visual and neural systems' processes. (Any yellow you think you see on your computer screen isn't really there ... at...
I think I had the same kit. You had to make your own DC motor, by winding the rotor coils. A rubber belt carried charge from a yarn-covered roller to the steel ball at the top of the tower. It was surprising how much charge that thing could accumulate.
Its a statistically-favored outcome, not a physical tendency. As has been pointed out, there needs to be an energetically feasible path between two states, regardless of the magnitude of the entropy difference between them. There's no feasible path for the collapse of a solar system: the...
There's plenty of randomness in the macroscopic world, where even perfect knowledge of initial conditions would be insufficient to predict the outcome of a measurement. (Set a buoy bobbing in the middle of the ocean, and its motions will be entirely unpredictable.) The inadequate knowledge of...
The difficulty with "relativistic mass" is that it varies with reference frame: as you fly past at some hefty % of c, the fork in your hand may have a relativistic mass of a thousand kilos, in the eyes of a stationary observer. Yet you have no problem eating your pie with it, in your reference...
"Relativistic mass" has largely been abandoned because it's not a particularly useful concept.
Repeated additions of energy do cause repeated increases in momentum ... but relativity teaches us that this does NOT mean repeated additions to velocity. That's the mistake you're making. You...
I'm far from an expert on relativity, so maybe I'm in a position to see where the original poster is "going wrong".
Sitting in your spaceship, you fire the engines, and you feel an acceleration. You then turn them off, and feel no acceleration. What makes you think you're going 10 mph faster...
"All of your scenarios imply a change in trajectory, which implies a change in velocity"
It's not quite that simple - look at the changes in trajectory (and velocity) of TCOs: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39244-3_6
All spacecraft that have been put into orbit around other planets have required engines to decelerate them and inject them into their orbits. So-called "ballistic capture", from what I've read, always seems to call for at least a minimum application of force to change the trajectory; I get...
It is almost certainly a tourist trinket - there are lots of little shops in Cairo that bang out this sort of thing from copper or brass. There's a famous bazaar, the Khan al-Khalili, which is quite popular with tourists, and where this was probably bought...
You might consider sandblasting - but with walnut shell instead of sand. This is a commercially available abrasive, which breaks up brittle oxides but doesn't erode metal surfaces. Museum curators use it to take the accumulated patina off of outdoor bronze sculptures. A local auto body shop...