The Halmos book is a good rec. His mission statement is summed up in the last few sentences of his introduction: "In other words, general set theory is pretty trivial stuff really, but, if you want to be a mathematician, you need some and here it is; read it, absorb it, and forget it."
I don't know if there's an online source for this, but Patrick Suppes' book Axiomatic Set Theory, which is an inexpensive Dover paperback, has a nice clear treatment of the construction of the reals.
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0486616304/?tag=pfamazon01-20
This algebra book has also gotten good reviews and I've just ordered it. I have a kid who's been struggling a bit with algebra and I'm looking at it to see if I can use it to help make clear the whys and wherefores (and therefores!).
Algebra by I.M. Gelfand, Alexander Shen ISBN #0817636773...
The big fat pi is the product analogue to the big fat sigma for sums. Suppose for example that k=3 and n1= 2, n2=3, n3=5. Then the denominator of the fraction would be (2!)(3!)(5!).
Remember that since B is a subset of U(S(n)), every element of B must be an element of some S(n). So if B is finite, it must be a subset of some finite union of S(n)s. And what do you know about a finite union of S(n)s where the sequence S(n) is increasing and infinite? (By the way, as the...
Try this; I think it's a possible direction. Suppose the assumption (i.e. that for every infinite subset B' of B there is some n for which B' intersect S(n) is infinite) is true, but B is not a subset of any S(N). Then for any S(n), Ex (x is an element of B but x is not an element of S(n)...
The Mileti looks good, but awfully dense as an introduction. You may want to consider the Patrick Suppes book, Axiomatic Set Theory, which is a Dover publication and which is less than $15.