Ok, so now i "completely" understand the logic behind the proof.
Show basecase,
j - i < 1 => A(i,j) <= 0
Now assume that,
j - i < 2^n => A(i, j) <= n for some arbitrary n. This is the induction hypothesis.
Now assume that,
j - i < 2^(n+1) and show that this implies A(i, j) <= n +1
BUT, i...