Surprise, surprise! Take a spectrodensitometer and try scanning stuff around. You will be amazed.
I have one of these: http://www.xrite.com/product_overview.aspx?ID=278 so I can scan something if you wish me to.
Even the most "deep" colours reflect an awful amount of other light...
There are infinite number of ways to create what you would call a "yellow" light.
Same goes for "red" pigment.
The problem you have referred to may actually have two solutions:
1) "yellow" light with wide spectral distribution (incandescent lamp) shining onto a red pigment that only reflects...
To start from if you use red green and blue LEDs or lasers to illuminate a scene then there are infinite number of pigments that will look exactly the same. Any colour absorption/reflection phenomena in pigments that happen to fall between the spectral lengths of three lasers will be irrelevant...