Recent content by zbikraw

Stainless steels and many other corrosion- and chemoerosion-resistant alloys are resistant in relatively mild ambient conditions. It is sufficient for most applications, especially in wet and oxidative conditions. sCO2 is an nonpolar solvent , used mainly for dissolving nonpolar substances and...

Remains of stronomical observatories in China, India and pre-Incan Andean countries contains stone tools (parts of the buildings) making possible (with recording materials like paper, pergamine, wood, etc.) recording of observation through years. In a medieval Europe mobile instruments and...

Historically, the European discovery of heliocentricity was a result of astrological activity. Before Newton both "sciences" evolved parallelly. In astrology there was some incosistency impossible to solve in geocentric model. Because of Christianity rule, open discussion of these problems was...

Only when your camera is tightly surrounded by paper, which isolates it thermally. In reality, much of heat generated is dissipated by radiation and thermal contacts with ambient things, especially solid ones. Autoignitions of a paper sheets are rare, because paper is a composed material, which...

Ampere is simply related to Coulomb, although not as unity. In a real life and especially in techniques, charge is used to describe static effects, which without strong isolation and shielding are not constant, because of a various forms of leakages. Much easier and cheaper is to stabilize...

Your base polymer has melting range far below other mentioned. This makes possible to use very spacific variant of welding: attach your PE material to the other, heated to temperature higher than Mp of PE, but lower than the second material. PE probe should be also hot, but below its MP. Both...

Biological (biophysical and/or biochemical changes you refer to) are described mainly as biological processes. Phosphorylation of a protein is chemical change (it is a reaction), but changes in biological material are not considered important. When you cover a metal part by protective layer (in...

The technique is relatively slow and major energetic expenses might be heat (in "form of cold") losses. You can use "directional freezing" by contacting reactor wall with something "very cold", mainly "dry ice". As in any partitioning with small partition coefficient, you can expect "really...

Try to check textbooks on cement production. Regards,

The most interesting question is the yield of your recrystallization (recrystallization means you dissolve and crystallise the crystalline product of reaction, not solid residue after volatiles evaporation). Small yield makes possible you crystallize impurity of low solubility. Just measure IR...

Historically, activity was introduced to rationalize behaviour of dilute aqueous solutions of electrolytes. When you add more electrolyte, properties of solution changes linearly with concentration of solute. After crossing some concentration, changes are less than stoichiometric, so one said...

Usually temperature difference between day and night is in order of 10 deg C or more (when clouds are absent). You can exploit this phenomena by building second set of water containers, isolated from sunlight and fresh air, optimally underground. By pumping water between both sets during day you...

As I understand, you search for relatively simple molecular example. Outside of biomolecules with many "centers of asymmetry" there are many examples of the "kinetic resolution of racemate". When you react a "racemate" (1:1 mixture of anantiomers) witch chiral reagent given in less than...

Your enantiomers inside larger molecules (especially biopolymeric ones) are mostly diastereomers, ie configuration reversal act on some from many "chirality centers" in a given molecule. Diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties, enatiomers differs only in relations with...