YOU: Fix the US Energy Crisis

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The discussion centers on developing a comprehensive plan to address the US energy crisis, emphasizing the need to define specific problems such as pollution from coal, rising demand outpacing supply, foreign oil dependence, and high costs. A proposed solution involves a 30-year, multi-phase approach that includes constructing modern nuclear power plants, heavily funding alternative energy research, and implementing immediate regulations to reduce pollution. The plan outlines a significant investment, potentially $3 trillion over 30 years, but promises long-term benefits like reduced pollution, increased energy capacity, and lower costs. Participants also highlight the importance of political will and public awareness in driving these changes. Ultimately, the conversation underscores the urgency of addressing energy issues through innovative and practical solutions.
  • #331
gmax137 said:
I don't know anything beyond what the 60 minutes piece reported, but... They quoted the report as saying something like "production of anomalous excess heat." And 60 minutes went on to focus on the "excess". What about the "anomalous"? Does that simply mean "unexplained" or does it also mean something like: intermittent, or not reproducible?
In that context, I think it means 'unexpected' based on current scientific understanding.

Maybe I'm a dinosaur, but if you have a hard time proving something produces heat, it seems to me unlikely that you can design a real power plant around it. Remember the title of this thread - "Fix the energy crisis."
Agreed, because the process, whatever it is, is not understood.
 
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  • #332
Shai Aggassi has a recent http://a1135.g.akamai.net/f/1135/18227/1h/cchannel.download.akamai.com/18227/podcast/SANFRANCISCO-CA/KKGN-AM/Gavin%20Newsom%2005-02-09.mp3?CPROG=PCAST&MARKET=SANFRANCISCO-CA&NG_FORMAT=progressivetalk&SITE_ID=5257&STATION_ID=KKGN-AM&PCAST_AUTHOR=Green_960&PCAST_CAT=Podcasts&PCAST_TITLE=Gavin_Newsom_Show" explaining his company Better Place's EV car 'enabler' business plan. We've spoken about Agassi in this thread earlier.

Quick recap:
Agassi doesn't propose to make EVs, he's rolling out a) 3kw to 6kw/plug charge stations, b) fast plug and play battery switch out stations, and c) a financial plan where he charges the user per mile traveled, like a cell plan, and instead his company pays for / subsidizes the battery, just like the phone carriers pay for / subsidize the cell phone. An EV can be pretty cheap if it can be separated from the cost of the battery.

Progress:
Agassi/Better Place is rolling out their first demonstration battery change station in Japan this or next month. They signed up Israel a year or two ago, and there they have / will have
1,000 charge spots now
10,000 entire country end of 2009
100,000 end of 2010.
50/100 switch stations planned.​
For an applicable EV, Renaut-Nissan is making this compatible http://www.betterplace.com/our-bold-plan/how-it-works/electric-car" pure EV, 100km range, 5 passenger car coming out '10.

All very nice, but it is the cost that caught my attention as announced in the audio clip. Agassi claims he can charge people the same per mile now for batteries and energy combined, as they can get driving around on $50/bbl oil based gasoline. That seems suspicious, and I plan to run it down here in future posts, hopefully with others joining in.

Other questions:
-Is temperature control of vehicle size battery packs practical with plug and play mechanicals?
 
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  • #333
I found this pretty interesting from that Better Place website.

These Better Place battery exchange stations are even more efficient and convenient than conventional gas stations. Each is roughly the size of your average living room. Like the charging spots, they are fully automated. A driver pulls in, puts the car in the neutral gear, and sits back. The battery exchange station does all the work. The depleted battery is removed, and a fully-charged replacement is installed. In under three minutes, the car is back on the road. It’s just like an automatic car wash, a quick, effortless, drive-through experience.

Automated battery exchange stations? This sounds like its starting to get expensive. How can you be sure that each station has enough batteries charged up to keep up with demand?

EDIT: recharging -> exchange
 
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  • #334
Topher925 said:
I found this pretty interesting from that Better Place website.



Automated battery recharging stations?
exchange stations.
This sounds like its starting to get expensive. How can you be sure that each station has enough batteries charged up to keep up with demand?
In the same way one insures refueling gas tanker comes often enough to a gas station to keep up with demand. The driver is cost. There's also the issue of making all EV's compatible with Better Place exchange mechanisms. So far they have only the one Renault-Nissan model. Then I expect there must be some compromises in battery performance to enable the fast swap mechanism vs a permanent installation.
 
  • #335
The next big thing in wind: Slow wind, huge turbines
http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10233108-54.html

http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-9885177-54.html

http://v112.vestas.com/ - 3 MW Wind turbine

http://v112.vestas.com/Vestas_V_112_web.pdf
 
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  • #336
Following up on my https://www.physicsforums.com/showpost.php?p=2188288&postcount=332"on the Project Better Place scheme of buy-the-car-not-the-battery: they claim that they can operate at the same cost per mile as petro power cars at $50/bbl.

Again, Better Place stated vehicle range is 100mi (161km) and they propose battery exchange stations that the car owner can use anytime, all paid for on a subscription per mile plan (ala cell phones). Tesla and other EVs use about http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graph_Evolution_of_Tesla_Roadster_Efficiency.PNG" at about $600/kWh of Li-Ion battery capacity that should last 100k miles. Better Place's exchange stations must maintain some battery stock, assume 30% stock beyond the batteries on the road. The battery cost per vehicle is then: 161km x 17kwh/100km x 1.3 x $600/kWh-LiIon = $21.2k/vehicle or $0.21/mile. The electric energy cost at $0.09/kWh is $0.025/mile. Total battery and energy cost: $0.23 / mile.

Fuel cost for petroleum vehicles assuming 25mpg and $2.20/gal is $0.09/mile.

Thus just considering batteries and energy, Better Place EVs have a $0.15/mile higher cost than petro vehicles. This is based on the assumptions on vehicle battery capacity, exchange station stock, battery unit price, and battery lifetime - all of which may substantially change.

Another factor is the drive train cost difference. The planned Rennault-Nissan 5-seat sedan EV drive train may eventually cost, say, $5k-$7k less than a comparable petro vehicle drive train. Given that Better Place is tightly connected to the vehicle 'alliance', this cost savings could be factored into the per-mile plan. For a vehicle road life of 120k miles, that is $0.04 to $0.06 per mile added to the petro vehicle side of the comparison.

Summary:
Even accounting for a less expensive drive train, the Better Place EV still costs at least ~55% more per mile. Break even with petrol. cars then requires a similar reduction in the price of batteries (to ~$300/kWh), or an increase in their lifetimes (to 160k miles), or an increase in the price per gallon of gasoline (to ~$3.5/gal or more if fuel efficiencies increase in mpg), or some combination of these.

Here's a video of a demonstration at an BP exchange station, ~2minute exchange time:
http://www.betterplace.com/company/video-detail/better-place-battery-switch-technology-demonstration/
 
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  • #337
mheslep said:
Fuel cost for petroleum vehicles assuming 25mpg and $2.20/gal is $0.09/mile.
My only quibble with your calcs is with this one. We're a long way from electric vehicles being a total replacement for cars, so for right now and for the next several decades, the only people who would buy them are those who are highly conscious of fuel efficiency. And those are the people who today would buy a Prius at 40mpg or a Civic at 35.

The technological, consumer, and economic landscapes 20 or 30 years from now will be so different from today that I don't think it is useful to try to figure out how/if this business model might work then: it has to be considered in terms of how/if it might work in the next 5-10.
Thus just considering batteries and energy, Better Place EVs have a $0.15/mile higher cost than petro vehicles. This is based on the assumptions on vehicle battery capacity, exchange station stock, battery unit price, and battery lifetime - all of which may substantially change.
For pure electric, otherwise normal passenger cars to have any hope of near-term viability, the batteries must be cheaper. For now, though, achieving that may simply be a matter of rolling them out with nimh batteries and a 50 km range as city-only commuter vehicles.
Summary:
Even accounting for a less expensive drive train, the Better Place EV still costs at least ~55% more per mile. Break even with petrol. cars then requires a similar reduction in the price of batteries (to ~$300/kWh), or an increase in their lifetimes (to 160k miles), or an increase in the price per gallon of gasoline (to ~$3.5/gal or more if fuel efficiencies increase in mpg), or some combination of these.
Well that's what I mean about the landscape changing: 5 years from now, we'll probably be back to $3.50 gas as the world economy goes back into boom mode. But electric costs will rise as well. Electric will probably not rise slowly enough for elecric to become viable by that business model you have outlined above.
 
  • #338
Thanks for the response.

russ_watters said:
My only quibble with your calcs is with this one. We're a long way from electric vehicles being a total replacement for cars, so for right now and for the next several decades, the only people who would buy them are those who are highly conscious of fuel efficiency. And those are the people who today would buy a Prius at 40mpg or a Civic at 35.
That last is a fair point, certainly the early mass buyers would be those that are very cost conscious.

The technological, consumer, and economic landscapes 20 or 30 years from now will be so different from today that I don't think it is useful to try to figure out how/if this business model might work then: it has to be considered in terms of how/if it might work in the next 5-10. For pure electric, otherwise normal passenger cars to have any hope of near-term viability, the batteries must be cheaper.
Or, under this exchange plan, last much longer for the same price.
For now, though, achieving that may simply be a matter of rolling them out with nimh batteries and a 50 km range as city-only commuter vehicles.
Yes Nimh is much less at ~$300/kWh, though the Ni mass hit is large ( Li Ion 117Wh/kg, Nimh 80Wh/kg, 46% heavier). The 50km range is harder to play since it breaks the 'just as good as petro' model offered by battery exchange. The Better Place plan offers something never done before by an EV. Ostensibly, the vehicle can do the same thing as its petro based cousin: take you on long range trips with no long charge times in route. Prior to this no EV has had cause to fully cost compare w/ a petro car of equivalent size. Once you break that 'just as good' model w/ a 50km range, then people would expect to pay much, much less for a vehicle that's niche, thus has a lower production quantity, and the economics fail without a much higher price of fuel.

Well that's what I mean about the landscape changing: 5 years from now, we'll probably be back to $3.50 gas as the world economy goes back into boom mode. But electric costs will rise as well. Electric will probably not rise slowly enough for electric to become viable by that business model you have outlined above.
Mmm I doubt electric costs will rise very fast with a rebound in oil prices, absent Cap and Trade. Given Secretary Chu's no-nuclear blinders Cap and Trade would do it, and regional costs may jump because of legislative changes in utility law (e.g. Pa). But, electric demand growth continues to taper, a great deal of natural gas reserves have been discovered in the US in the last few years, and we will see several more gigawatts of wind power installed in the US that is immune to oil prices.
 
  • #339
mheslep said:
Given Secretary Chu's no-nuclear blinders...

TR: I know you've come out in favor of nuclear power. It's been decades since any new plants have been constructed. What progress has been made so far in getting some new plants built?

SC: We're now going to a two-step licensing. You license the generic plant, and then there's a separate license for the site. And this helps speed along the process. Before, the way we did it is every plant was a new one.

A lot of this depends on some loan guarantee money, which will help.

TR: When might those loan guarantees become available?

SC: Well, sooner rather than later. I'm hoping within a year, but that's just a wild guess. We're pushing ahead. As you know, we've become very aggressive about trying to accelerate the loan process by a considerable amount. A factor of 5 to 10 is about the right amount. When I first came, I was told that the first loans would go out mid-2010. So they've now gone out, and there's going to be another tranche of them that we'll be vetting.

http://www.technologyreview.com/business/22651/

You were saying?
 
  • #340
mheslep said:
That last is a fair point, certainly the early mass buyers would be those that are very cost conscious.
I didn't say cost conscious, I said fuel economy conscious. I would bet money that 99% of Prius buyers have not done any calculations like the ones you just did, to determine if the cost of their Prius is worth the extra mpg they get over a Civic.
 
  • #341
signerror said:
http://www.technologyreview.com/business/22651/

You were saying?
The interviewer says Chu "has come out in favor of nuclear power". I'd like to see somewhere where he actually has, since joining the administration. That the administration hasn't yet put up barriers to nuclear power* is encouraging (when they first made the Yucca announcement with no explanation at all, I was very worried), but they also have done little of substance to actually promote it. For other forms of power, they have actually invested a huge sum of money into it - why didn't he put together a "blue ribbon panel" to study alternate energy before pouring money into it?

His stance on Yucca is puzzling to say the least: he says he wants a "blue ribbon pannel" to study the issue, yet he is dictating one of the conclusions to the panel. That is illogical. *And violating this obligation the federal government had to nuclear plant operators, at least in the short term, will have a negative impact on the industry. The government promised to take the waste and for now, anyway, they won't. This uncertainty would give a new nuclear plant operator pause.

It is good to see that reprocessing is on the table, though. Also, while he says he wants to streamline the application process, I'm googling looking for action that has been taken and not finding any.

Bottom line is that Chu's talk has at best been neutral (as far as I've seen) while Obama's talk has been negative and the only action they have taken together has been negative and relative to the money thrown out there for other forms of energy, very negative.

[edit] If you google "Chu nuclear", you can find quotes of his from before joining the administration where he has said very positive things about nuclear power. Now, perhaps, he is being handcuffed by the administration - I don't really know that, though, all I do know wrt the current administration is that the one policy change implimented so far was negative.
 
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  • #343
The message has been hinted at before, but the federal government is now serious about shifting the focus away from hydrogen and onto plug-in vehicles. In an important statement yesterday, Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu said that hydrogen vehicles are still 10 to 20 years away from practicality and that millions in federal government funding for hydrogen programs will be cut from the 2010 federal budget. Chu said, "We asked ourselves, 'Is it likely in the next 10 or 15, 20 years that we will covert to a hydrogen car economy?' The answer, we felt, was 'no'"

http://www.autobloggreen.com/2009/05/08/obama-doe-slash-hydrogen-fuel-cell-funding-in-new-budget/

The Obama administration is really confusing me. First they say that they highly support a hydrogen economy, then they slash its funding and change their policy. I don't necessarily disagree with their reasoning but it would be nice if they would pick a direction and stick with it.
 
  • #344
Topher925 said:
http://www.autobloggreen.com/2009/05/08/obama-doe-slash-hydrogen-fuel-cell-funding-in-new-budget/

The Obama administration is really confusing me. First they say that they highly support a hydrogen economy, then they slash its funding and change their policy. I don't necessarily disagree with their reasoning but it would be nice if they would pick a direction and stick with it.

Perhaps they read Russ's posted article.

http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/05/13/mackay.energy/index.html"
Editor's note: David MacKay is a professor of physics at the University of Cambridge. His book, "Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air," is published by UIT Cambridge and is also available in electronic form for free from http://www.withouthotair.com/.

Kind of refreshing to hear from a professor of physics rather than Geraldo.

There may be some virtue in consistency, but when a ship is headed towards a certain grounding, a smart captain will usually change course.
 
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  • #345
signerror said:
http://www.technologyreview.com/business/22651/

You were saying?

TR said:
SC: We will be assembling a blue-ribbon panel to look at the issue...
He's killed Yucca Mountain with no scientific explanation, just declared it 'off the table'. He's a physicist with years of background on the topic, calling for a 'blue-ribbon panel' to study what's been done successfully elsewhere in the world for decades. This appears to be nothing but a stall.

Before Chu was nominated, he traveled around doing an energy briefing roadshow - covering all the various renewables, AWG, etc. Nuclear power was barely mentioned at all.
 
  • #346
russ_watters said:
I didn't say cost conscious, I said fuel economy conscious. I would bet money that 99% of Prius buyers have not done any calculations like the ones you just did, to determine if the cost of their Prius is worth the extra mpg they get over a Civic.
Well take care before putting your money on the table. Though its a different phrasing of the above, there's wide circulation of 'payback time' information on hybrids such as this:
http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/environment/2008-05-11-hybrids-gas-prices_N.htm which compares the hybrid up front costs to a similar gasoline-only powered model, the exact same model w/out hybrid in some cases. Dealers w/ hybrids on the lot had this info up as wall paper when gas/gallon was high.
Edmunds, Consumer Reports do the same.
 
  • #347
russ_watters said:
An unusually good article from mass media on the issue: http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/05/13/mackay.energy/index.html

OmCheeto said:
Perhaps they read Russ's posted article.



Kind of refreshing to hear from a professor of physics rather than Geraldo.
...
Mackay's tome was my source for my post on the eight-dedicated-nuclear-reactors equivalent required to replace the jetfuel at a single air port.
 
  • #348
  • #349
mheslep said:
He's killed Yucca Mountain with no scientific explanation, just declared it 'off the table'.
Well that was Obama's decision, not Chu's. He'd already decided early on in the campaign - his reasoning is here @3:11:


Obama said:
I didn't rule out a central location, what I ruled out was Yucca Mountain, because it turns it is built on a fault line. And the way that this was shoved down the throats of Nevada ended up souring the politics in such a way where it's almost impossible to get it done now.
An article from two months before the video discusses the fault line:

http://articles.latimes.com/2007/sep/25/nation/na-yucca25

I have no way of evaluating this. Can anyone else?

He's a physicist with years of background on the topic, calling for a 'blue-ribbon panel' to study what's been done successfully elsewhere in the world for decades.
I don't think there any operating repositories which can take unreprocessed spent fuel, like Yucca. I understand what currently exists is only acceptable for intermediate-level waste (repositories which can't handle the heat of HLW), or above-ground storage for HLW (which is only temporary), but nothing is operating which accepts high-level waste for long term storage.

This appears to be nothing but a stall.
Or a strategic shift to a closed fuel cycle. The recent interview strongly suggests that:

http://www.technologyreview.com/business/22651/

Before Chu was nominated, he traveled around doing an energy briefing roadshow - covering all the various renewables, AWG, etc. Nuclear power was barely mentioned at all.
AWG?
 
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  • #351
signerror said:
...
AWG?
er AGW. Chu spend some time in his road show briefing on global warming.
 
  • #352
signerror said:
Well that was Obama's decision, not Chu's. He'd already decided early on in the campaign - his reasoning is here @3:11:


Obama said:
I didn't rule out a central location, what I ruled out was Yucca Mountain, because it turns it is built on a fault line. And the way that this was shoved down the throats of Nevada ended up souring the politics in such a way where it's almost impossible to get it done now.
There lies my complaint. Obama has made a great deal of noise that only the science would rule the day in his administration. So far, based on comments like the above and Chu's http://neinuclearnotes.blogspot.com/2009/03/john-mccain-and-steven-chu-on-yucca.html" , it is fair to say that the only-the-science claims are stuff and nonsense.
 
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  • #353
  • #354
signerror said:
Well that was Obama's decision, not Chu's.
I guess at this point it is tough to separate the two, as Chu is now necessarily a mouthpiece for Obama. Is that better or worse than if this was Chu's true view?
He'd already decided early on in the campaign - his reasoning is here @3:11:
I didn't rule out a central location, what I ruled out was Yucca Mountain, because it turns it is built on a fault line. And the way that this was shoved down the throats of Nevada ended up souring the politics in such a way where it's almost impossible to get it done now.
Perhaps the fault is a legitimate reason, perhaps it isn't - as far as I know, there have been no official reports on the subject, so it doesn't seem responsible to make what looks like a snap decision.

The other reason - that it had been shoved down the throats of New Mexicans - is pure election year politics. It is the job of the federal government to shove projects like this down someone's throat, otherwise, no one will ever accept one in their state. But New Mexico, small as it was, was a battleground state and as such, it was very important to make them feel important. Besides which - it had already happened! The tough part is getting through all the court challenges and pushing it through - Obama was conceding defeat after the federal government already won!

And the two reasons don't have anything to do with each other, of course.

His comment at the end of the youtube clip is especially Hippie-ish. Perhaps he accidentally let his true feeling slip there.
 
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  • #355
I doubt the executive branch could actually activate Yucca with some kind of kind of agreement with Harry Reid, senior Senator form Nevada.
 
  • #356
US wants to paint the world white to save energy
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090526/sc_afp/climatewarmingusbritainchu
LONDON(AFP) (AFP) – US Energy Secretary Steven Chu said Tuesday the Obama administration wanted to paint roofs an energy-reflecting white, as he took part in a climate change symposium in London.

The Nobel laureate in physics called for a "new revolution" in energy generation to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

But he warned there was no silver bullet for tackling climate change, and said a range of measures should be introduced, including painting flat roofs white.

Making roads and roofs a paler colour could have the equivalent effect of taking every car in the world off the road for 11 years, Chu said.

It was a geo-engineering scheme that was "completely benign" and would keep buildings cooler and reduce energy use from air conditioning, as well as reflecting sunlight back away from the Earth.

For people who found white hard on the eye, scientists had also developed "cool colours" which looked to the human eye like normal ones, but reflect heat like pale colours even if they are darker shades.

And painting cars in cool or light colours could deliver considerable savings on energy use for air conditioning units, he said.

. . . .
:rolleyes:

Except for the light scattered at angles. And why not direct the light into buildings and use visible sunlight to illuminate interiors rather than electric lights?

Also, on a cold winter's day, I like having a house that absorbs sunlight. So maybe we can cover all buildings with giant venetian blinds that are white on one side and dark/black on the other.
 
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  • #357
Astronuc said:
US wants to paint the world white to save energy
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090526/sc_afp/climatewarmingusbritainchu
:rolleyes:

Except for the light scattered at angles. And why not direct the light into buildings and use visible sunlight to illuminate interiors rather than electric lights?

Also, on a cold winter's day, I like having a house that absorbs sunlight. So maybe we can cover all buildings with giant venetian blinds that are white on one side and dark/black on the other.
Doesn't sound like this in intended to have anything much to do with energy efficiency, except in that car reference. It must be about increasing surface albedo to counter AGW. I doubt you count on absorbing much heat through your home's roof on those cold winter days.
 
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  • #358
Unless your house lacks an attic, there is little benefit to a black roof in the winter in most climates - and a huge penalty for a black roof in the summer. In addition, even the top floor of most commercial office buildings requires air conditioning year-round. So white roofs would certinly improve energy efficiency in most cases.

Btw, the venetian blinds thing - something better already exists: a step pattern with white on the horizontal surface (for when the sun is higher) and black on the vertical one (for when the sun is lower).
 
  • #359
I think the back side (north) of my house roof would reflect light into the backyard. On the front side (S), rather than white, I would think a solar panel or solar water heater might be better.

My office overlooks the roof top of a two story building. If that was white (reflective), I'd probably get glare through the window. As it is, the roof was painted with a silvery grey coating, and that may already reflect some light. I'll have to look the next sunny day.

My office building uses heat pumps to transfer heat out of the building, and during fall, winter and spring we open the windows to let cool air in, and minimize the use of A/C.
 
  • #360
Astronuc said:
I think the back side (north) of my house roof would reflect light into the backyard. On the front side (S), rather than white, I would think a solar panel or solar water heater might be better.
Might be, but you'd have to calculate the cost-benefit ratio. Having it white would be a lot cheaper.
My office overlooks the roof top of a two story building. If that was white (reflective), I'd probably get glare through the window. As it is, the roof was painted with a silvery grey coating, and that may already reflect some light. I'll have to look the next sunny day.
Well Obama said white, but the silver is really the more common - same idea.
My office building uses heat pumps to transfer heat out of the building...
AKA "air conditioning"... A "heat pump" is what it does in the heating mode. In air condiitoning mode, it is just a normal air conditioner (though perhaps it uses water for heat rejection...?).
...and during fall, winter and spring we open the windows to let cool air in, and minimize the use of A/C.
AKA, "economizer mode". It is now essentially required that HVAC systems take advantage of it being cold outside to use that cold instead of mechanical cooling. But you'd still save on mechanical cooling in the summer and fan energy in the rest of the year if the roof were reflective.
 

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