deviation Definition and 388 Threads

Going through my notes ... and I see the following: 1. Variance = ##\displaystyle \text{Var(X)} = \sigma^2 = \frac{1}{n - 1} \sum_i = 1 ^n \left(x_i - \overline x \right)^2## 2. Standard Deviation = ##\sigma = \sqrt {Var(X)} = \sqrt {\sigma^2}## Both variance and standard deviation are...

I tried some workings but got me nowhere. I just want to ask whether this question is solvable, i.e the answer can be in numerical value. If yes, then I want to try a bit by myself before asking for hint here. Thanks

I can look at it as if a vibrational motion of the atoms was a simle harmonic motion. So I can consider one of the two atoms to be at rest and the second one to vibrate. Its deviation can be written as ##x(t)=r(t)-r_0##. When I know that the hydrogen molecule stops exiting when the range of...

This is the question; This is the solution as received; I am not familiar with the approach used in the solution...my thinking was as follows The frequencies are the same...the only thing changing are the discrete variables thus; Let ##[x= 2,4,6]## and ##[y=7,13,19]## form a...

I don’t get how they got the equation for the standard deviation. Why do they only square with the time in the denominator? Thanks!

Using this error propagation formula: I expressed the standard deviation (s) and the partial derivatives of s w.r.t. each data point as: This gives me an uncertainty of: , where m is the mean. Does this seem reasonable for the uncertainty of the standard deviation? I also found the thread...

I started by making my coordinate system so that the x-axis aligned with the radius of the circle at a certain latitude L and the positive direction was facing away from the center of the circle, and the y-axis was parallel to the vertical axis of the Earth. Then, I wrote the equations for the...

Hello, I watched MIT course on Nuclear physics (13. Practical Radiation Counting Experiments on ytb) and I do not understand why 2*sigma (standard deviation) = 0.05* countRate. As far as I know, integral of normal distribution from -2sigma to 2 sigma gives 95 % probability, but how can 2*sigma...

Hi, I obtain really high standard deviations in Excitation-Emission Spectra mainly for the phenolic compounds in olive oil (Em: 290-350nm). Method: I weigh 0.05g of olive oil and dilute it up to 25ml with cyclohexane to remain in the range of linearity for absorbance measurements to correct...

Find the textbook problem here; Find the textbook solution here: Now, to my question, did the textbook guys make an error on the value of ##σ?##, see my working; Mean (##13## boys)=##\dfrac{153.4+(148.8×12)}{13}=149.15## We know that, ##29.16##=##\dfrac{\sum x^2}{12}##-##(148.8)^2## ##\sum...

Mathematically, you can convert between a power spectral density (PSD) and the modified allan variance as follows: $$\sigma_y^2 (\tau) = \int_0^{\infty} \frac{G_\nu(f)}{\nu^2} \times 32 \frac{(\sin(\pi f \tau/2))^4 \times |\sin(\pi f \tau)|^2}{(\pi \tau f)^4} df$$ I was wondering if anyone knew...

Hi all - I wonder if you can help please. Watching a video on youtube to help me understand about the mean, variance and standard deviation but last part of video left me confused. The speaker said the following for the formula for standard deviation: Consider if the variance is 200 for the...

This is my attempt to re-write the geodesic deviation equation in the special case of 3 dimensions and +++ signature in matrix notation. We start with assuming an orthonormal basis. Matrix notation allows one to express vectors as column vectors, and dual vectors as row vectors, but by...

Hey! :giggle: We consider a double roll of the dice. The random variable X describes the number of pips in the first roll of the dice and Y the maximum of the two numbers. The joint distribution and the marginal distributions are given by the following table Using : For all $a,b\in...

Let's focus on obtaining how much will the ball deviate from a straight path and assume the spin of the ball to be ##11600## rpm and ##C_L = 0.4## to be the lift coefficient A pitcher is able to make a baseball follow a curved path by impinging spin on the ball (which triggers nonsymmetric...

Hi guys, We have this very common graph where pV deviates from ideality. May I know the equation for such a curve? Secondly, if the x-axis were changed to V, what would the graph look like?

Given IQ scores are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15, the proportion of people with IQs above 130 is: $ a.\ 95\% \quad b.\ 68\% \quad c.\ 5\% \quad d.\ 2.5\% \quad e.\ 12\%$ ok its been some moons since I looked...

The mean of some data was 21.2°C, the standard deviation was 2, and the standard error was 0.8. My textbook says that using one standard deviation, we would report the temperature of the substance as 21.2 ± 2°C, while using the standard error, the temperature would be reported as 21.2 ± 0.8°C...

Hi all Is there any way to measure frequency deviation in a recorded frequency modulated time domain data? The little research i have done on net mostly concerns with frequency deviation measurement using spectrum analyzer in real time i.e. data continuously received on spectrum analyzer while...

Precision Microwave Spectroscopy of the Positronium n=2 Fine Structure A nice compact abstract, so I'll just quote it here: Positronium with its two light leptons is the dream of every theorist, that keeps the uncertainties small. The 0.61 MHz experimental uncertainty are the sum of 0.57 MHz...

The beam of protons are directed towards the axis of the cylinder, perpendicular to the direction of the field. While traveling through the cross-section of the cylinder, the proton beam experiences a magnetic force, which tends to move the beam in a circular orbit of the radius given by: r =...

I read that confidence interval on standard deviation can be found using chi-square distribution. If I have a sample size N=500, and sample standard deviation= 3 with mean=0, and I need a 95% confidence, I wasn't sure what to set for degrees of freedom in chi-square formula. Is the degrees of...

We're working on a project that plots flux density of a light curve with respect to time. To do this, we had to scale data from different wavelengths so we had just the one variable for the flux. Essentially we took each value for flux density and multiplied it by three over the frequency raised...

#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> double foo(int n, int mean){ double square; if(n==1){ return(1); } if(n!=0){ square=pow(n-mean,2); return( (sqrt(square)+foo(n-1,mean))/(sqrt(n-1)) ); }} int main(){ int num; double mean; int i; int...

Using the above formulas, we can arrive at an unbiased estimate of the standard deviation of the sample, then divide by sqrt(N) to arrive at the standard deviation of the average. What I'm confused about it where the measurement uncertainty comes into the equation. Is it being ignored? Say I...

Hi all, I've been wondering: Thinking of Arthur Eddington's relativistic oriented 1919 eclipse observation, would the photon deviation due to the Sun's gravitational imposition have caused the photons to exhibit a qualitative redshift due to the time photons had spent within the Sun's...

The expression I have found is this one. https://ibb.co/kqG24L3 I have been looking for information because I could not to realize what is the value that "alpha" has to have. If any of you do know what this alpha value is supposed to represent or if you have seen it before I would be really...

Excuse me, I am not too well versed in statistics. I am in engineering. Let's say I have an expected measurements(grand mean of values) and then I take another measurement of two different samples. Each sample is measured a few times to get it's own standard deviation and expected value. I...

I am currently reading Griffiths Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Edition. I am aware that, in light of considering potential functions independent of time, the Schrödinger equation has separable solutions and that these solutions are stationary states. I am also aware (If I stand correct)...

I have a data set 1st coloumn containing ##x## values 2nd coloumn containing ##y## values and 3rd coloumn containing standard deviation of ##y## associated with each ##x## value...I want to plot these 3 values together in a MATLAB plot...can anyone please help me in this regard??

Hi I tried like this. ##σ^2=<(λ_1+λ_2+,,,+λ_i)^2>=<λ_1^2>+<λ_2^2>+,,,<λ_i^2>## And I know ##σ^2=Σ_in_iλ_i^2##from equation (4-12) (so this is cheat 😅). So I know also ##<λ_i^2>=n_iλ_i^2##, But why?? I know if I take ##λ=1 ,σ^2=n##,But I don't understand ##λ≠1## version. Sorry my bad...

Below is the spreadsheet image. The source of the data in the two columns, Ho and +/-, is the following article http://planck.caltech.edu/pub/2015results/Planck_2015_Results_XIII_Cosmological_Parameters.pdf . Let AHo be the conjoined weighted average values for Ho and the corresponding error...

I know that standard deviation of whatever data is defined as sqaure root of square difference from mean value: ##\sigma(data)=\frac{\sum_{x \in data}((x-x_{mean\ of\ data})^2)}{|data|}=\frac{\sum_{x \in data}((x-\sum_{y \in data}(y)/|data|)^2)}{|data|}## but sometimes formula...

+(3/2) standard deviations from the mean = \frac {a+b}{12} + \frac{\sqrt3}{4} (b-a) -(3/2) standard deviations from the mean = \frac {a+b}{12} - \frac{\sqrt3}{4} (b-a) \frac {1}{b-a} \int_a^{\frac {a+b}{12} - \frac{\sqrt3}{4} (b-a)} dx = m_1= \frac {(-11+3\sqrt3)a + (1-3\sqrt3)b}{12(b-a)}...

I have tried twice now to calculate acceleration of gravity using the general relativistic equation of geodesic deviation and both times my solution is twice the correct answer. What am I doing wrong? As an example here is one problem: Calculate the acceleration of gravity g at the earth’s...

Homework Statement For a physics experiment I need to find the uncertainties and I am using the angle of minimum derivation formula: The value of A=60° and one of the values of D is 29.7° which has a uncertainty of ±2 (I know it's a very high value) Homework Equations How do I calculate the...

Hey there, First time on this forums, looking forward to some interesting discussions :) I am currently trying grasp the concepts of error propagation and standard deviation in relation to experimental physics. I have some data set and i want to determine the difference between the measured and...

Homework Statement (b) A nuclear research reactor produces radiation for neutron scattering measurements. A safety procedure shuts the reactor down if a radiation level monitoring detector measures more than 3 counts per minute. In a test, 156 counts are recorded during a random 24 hour...

Hey. I am planning on doing some research, where I predict a change based on different types of risk. The question is simple. Can I use values of standard deviation as independent variables in a linear regression analysis (OLS)? The standard deviation values over time will be calculated in...

Homework Statement Homework Equations Chebyshev's Theorem: The percentage of observations that are within k standard deviations of the mean is at least 100(1 - (1/k2))% Chebyshev's Theorem is applicable to ANY data set, whether skewed or symmetrical. Empirical Rule: For a symmetrical...

In high school, I was taught that the standard deviation drops as you increase the sample size. For this reason, larger sample sizes produce less fluctuation. At the time, I didn't question this because it made sense. Then, I was taught that the standard deviation does not drop as you increase...

Hello! I read a derivation for the geodesic deviation: you have 2 nearby geodesics and define a vector connecting points of equal proper time and calculate the second covariant derivative of this vector. I understand the derivation but I am a bit confused about the actual definition of this...

(apologies for re-posting, I am unable to find my original thread.) A material which has a Young's modulus of elasticity of 250 GN m-2 and a poisons ratio of 0.32, calculate: (a) the bulk modulus of the material 
 Relevant equation, K=E/3(1-2v) Inputting our known values...

I've managed to work out the below for the sample standard deviation. Any error's that I should be aware of? Homework Statement The ultimate tensile strength of a material was tested using 10 samples. The results of the tests were as follows. 711 N 〖mm〗^(-2),732 N 〖mm〗^(-2),759 N...

What is the deviation in the expansion of the universe exactly quantified, when I would assume general relativity and project it backwards? As a statistician I am asking for data, for either the backwards projected general relativity case and either the real expansion case, as it is...

If we measure one conjugate variable in an uncertainty relation precisely , i.e., so its standard deviation is zero, then by the HUP the sd of the other one is either infinite or undefined. But what about the cases when the other conjugate variable has limits: e.g., there cannot be an infinite...

Why do we have minimum deviation of prism? physical explanation is needed!

Homework Statement The same potato chip company reports that their bags of family sized chips each follows an approx. Normal distribution with a mean of 10.72 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.2 ounces. If the company wants to ship these chips into boxes that contain 6 bags, what would be...

This is regarding the Bertrand theorem in the book Classical Mechanics by Goldstein. It is said that for more than first order deviations from circularity the orbits are closed only for inverse square law and hooke's law. What does first order deviation mean ?